Evaluasi efektivitas penerapan chlorhexidine kumur pada diabetisi tipe II dengan periodontitis
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v20i3.2726
Chlorhexidine Diabetes Melitus Tipe II Inflamasi Gingiva Periodontitis
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease with increasing prevalence globally. Chronic hyperglycemia in patients with type II diabetes mellitus can impair the immune response, increase inflammatory activity, and contribute to an increased risk and severity of periodontitis. Periodontitis is an inflammatory condition that causes damage to the supporting tissues of the teeth and can worsen oral health in diabetic patients. Chlorhexidine mouthwash has strong antimicrobial properties and is often used as an adjunct therapy to reduce dental plaque, gingivitis, and oral pain.
Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of chlorhexidine mouthwash as an adjunct intervention in patients with type II diabetes mellitus with periodontitis.
Method: This study used a quasi-experimental design with a single-group pretest-posttest approach. The study was conducted at Al Ihsan Regional Hospital, West Java Province, in July 2025 as part of the implementation of evidence-based nursing practice. The sampling technique used total sampling with six participants. Gum condition and pain levels were assessed using the Modified Gingival Index and Visual Analog Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test.
Results: Most participants were male (66.7%) and adult (83.3%), with a mean age of 52.7 years. After the intervention, there was a significant reduction in pain (p = 0.024) and gingival inflammation based on the Modified Gingival Index (p = 0.034).
Conclusion: Chlorhexidine mouthwash is effective in reducing pain and improving gingival condition in patients with type II diabetes mellitus and periodontitis.
Recommendation: Future studies should use a larger sample size and longer follow-up period to confirm these findings and evaluate the long-term effects of chlorhexidine mouthwash use.
Keywords: Chlorhexidine; Gingivitis; Periodontitis; Type II Diabetes Mellitus.
Pendahuluan: Diabetes melitus merupakan penyakit metabolik kronis dengan prevalensi yang terus meningkat secara global. Hiperglikemia kronis pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe II dapat mengganggu respons imun, meningkatkan aktivitas inflamasi, serta berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan risiko dan keparahan periodontitis. Periodontitis merupakan kondisi inflamasi yang menyebabkan kerusakan jaringan penyangga gigi dan dapat memperburuk status kesehatan rongga mulut pada pasien diabetes. Chlorhexidine kumur memiliki sifat antimikroba yang kuat dan sering digunakan sebagai terapi tambahan untuk mengurangi plak gigi, inflamasi gingiva, serta keluhan nyeri pada rongga mulut.
Tujuan: Untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas penerapan chlorhexidine kumur sebagai intervensi tambahan pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe II dengan periodontitis.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain quasi-experimental dengan pendekatan one-group pretest–posttest. Penelitian dilakukan di RSUD Al Ihsan Provinsi Jawa Barat, pada bulan-Juli 2025 sebagai bagian dari implementasi evidence-based nursing practice. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan total sampling dengan jumlah 6 partisipan. Kondisi gingiva dan tingkat nyeri dinilai menggunakan Modified Gingival Index dan Visual Analog Scale. Data dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test.
Hasil: Sebagian besar partisipan berjenis kelamin laki-laki (66.7%) dan berada pada kategori dewasa (83.3%), dengan rata-rata usia 52.7 tahun. Setelah intervensi, terdapat penurunan nyeri yang signifikan dengan p = 0.024 dan penurunan inflamasi gingiva berdasarkan Modified Gingival Index dengan p = 0.034.
Simpulan: Chlorhexidine kumur efektif dalam menurunkan nyeri dan memperbaiki kondisi gingiva pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe II dengan periodontitis.
Saran: Penelitian selanjutnya dapat menggunakan jumlah sampel yang lebih besar dan periode pemantauan yang lebih panjang untuk mengonfirmasi temuan ini serta mengevaluasi efek jangka panjang penggunaan chlorhexidine kumur.
Kata Kunci: Chlorhexidine; Diabetes Melitus Tipe II; Inflamasi Gingiva; Periodontitis.
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