Pengembangan strategi manajemen penanggulangan kebakaran di puskesmas
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v20i2.2390
Alat Pemadam Api Ringan (APAR) Manajemen Penanggulangan Kebakaran Puskesmas
Abstract
Background: Indonesia is a country with a high level of disaster potential. Disasters can occur due to natural, non-natural, or human-caused factors. Fires are categorized as a non-natural disaster based on their cause. One public facility that also needs to address this situation is the community health center. The community health center must be prepared for fire disasters because they accommodate patients, families, visitors, and the the community health center' own human resources.
Purpose: To develop a fire management strategy in the community health center.
Method: This sequential, mixed-methods exploratory study began with qualitative data collection and continued with quantitative data collection. The study was conducted in 20 Community Health Center in Batam City, Riau Islands, in 2025. The stages included analysis of fire prevention and control, communication and coordination aspects, development of a management model, and quantitative evaluation of the model.
Results: Based on observations, most fire prevention facilities and systems are still not optimally available. Regarding fire protection system guidelines, all the community health center lack clear guidelines. Similar conditions were also found for hydrants, sprinklers, water pumps, and emergency power sources, all of which were not available at all observed locations. Meanwhile, only a small number of community health centers have fire alarms, smoke detectors, and internal communication systems. However, all community health center have portable fire extinguishers and evacuation routes, demonstrating basic emergency response measures. However, without the support of other fire protection systems, these measures are insufficient to ensure overall safety.
Conclusion: Fire preparedness remains relatively low, constrained by incomplete and unintegrated fire protection systems. This highlights the need for cross-sector collaboration, resulting in comprehensive strengthening of facilities, systems, and cooperation to ensure safety.
Keywords; Community Health Center; Fire Management; Portable Fire Extinguishers.
Pendahuluan: Indonesia merupakan negara dengan tingkat potensi bencana yang tinggi. Bencana dapat terjadi karena faktor alam, non alam maupun ulah manusia. Kebakaran berdasarkan penyebabnya dikategorikan dalam bencana non alam. Salah satu fasilitas umum yang juga perlu memperhatikan kondisi ini adalah puskesmas. Puskesmas harus siap dalam menghadapi bencana kebakaran karena di dalamnya terdapat pasien, keluarga pasien, pengunjung, dan SDM di puskesmas itu sendiri.
Tujuan: Untuk mengembangkan strategi manajemen penanggulangan kebakaran di puskesmas.
Metode: Penelitian mixed-method sequential exploratory, yaitu diawali dengan pengumpulan data kualitatif, dilanjutkan kuantitatif. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Puskesmas Kota Batam, Kepulauan Riau pada tahun 2025 terhadap 20 Puskesmas. Tahapannya meliputi analisis pencegahan dan pengendalian kebakaran serta aspek komunikasi dan koordinasi, pengembangan model manajemen, dan evaluasi model secara kuantitatif.
Hasil: Berdasarkan observasi, sebagian besar fasilitas dan sistem penanggulangan kebakaran masih belum tersedia secara optimal. Pada aspek pedoman sistem proteksi kebakaran, seluruh puskesmas belum memiliki pedoman yang jelas. Kondisi yang sama juga ditemukan pada hidran, sprinkler, pompa kebakaran, dan sumber daya listrik darurat, seluruhnya tidak tersedia di semua lokasi yang diamati. Sementara itu, alarm kebakaran, smoke detector, dan sistem komunikasi internal hanya sebagian kecil puskesmas yang telah memiliki. Di sisi lain, seluruh puskesmas sudah memiliki alat pemadam api ringan (APAR) dan sarana jalan keluar (evakuasi), menunjukkan adanya upaya dasar dalam penanganan keadaan darurat. Namun, tanpa didukung sistem proteksi kebakaran lainnya, upaya tersebut belum cukup untuk menjamin keselamatan secara menyeluruh.
Simpulan: Kesiapsiagaan penanggulangan kebakaran masih tergolong rendah dengan keterbatasan pada sistem proteksi kebakaran yang belum lengkap dan belum terintegrasi. Hal ini menunjukkan, perlu adanya kolaborasi lintas sektor, sehingga adanya penguatan menyeluruh pada fasilitas, sistem, dan kerja sama untuk menjamin keselamatan.
Kata Kunci: Alat Pemadam Api Ringan (APAR); Manajemen Penanggulangan Kebakaran; Puskesmas.
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