Pengaruh brisk walking exercise terhadap kualitas tidur pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe-2
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v20i2.2383
Brisk Walking Exercise Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Kualitas Tidur
Abstract
Background: Sleep quality disturbance is a common problem among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and is associated with poor glycemic control and decreased quality of life. Physical activity, particularly moderate-intensity exercise such as brisk walking, is considered a simple non-pharmacological intervention that may improve sleep quality. However, evidence regarding its effectiveness in primary healthcare settings remains limited.
Purpose: To analyze the effect of brisk walking exercise on sleep quality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Method: This study employed a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a control group. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were purposively selected and assigned to intervention and control groups. The intervention group participated in a brisk walking exercise program for 8 weeks (three times per week), while the control group received no intervention. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired t-test or Wilcoxon test, and independent t-test with a significance level of 0.05.
Results: The intervention group showed a significant improvement in sleep quality after the brisk walking program, as indicated by a lower mean PSQI score than the control group. Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant difference in posttest sleep quality scores between groups (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: Brisk walking exercise significantly improves sleep quality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This finding supports the role of structured physical activity as an effective non-pharmacological approach to improving sleep quality in patients with diabetes.
Suggestion: Future research is recommended to develop designs with longer intervention durations, larger sample sizes, and involving more diverse populations to increase the generalizability of the findings. Furthermore, the use of objective measures of sleep quality, such as actigraphy or polysomnography, should be considered to complement the subjective measures of the PSQI and minimize potential response bias.
Keywords: Brisk Walking Exercise; Sleep Quality; Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Pendahuluan: Gangguan kualitas tidur merupakan masalah yang sering dialami oleh pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 dan berhubungan dengan kontrol glikemik yang buruk serta penurunan kualitas hidup. Aktivitas fisik aerobik intensitas sedang, seperti brisk walking exercise, merupakan intervensi nonfarmakologis sederhana yang berpotensi memperbaiki kualitas tidur. Namun, bukti empiris penerapannya di layanan kesehatan primer masih terbatas.
Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis pengaruh brisk walking exercise terhadap kualitas tidur pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kuasi-eksperimen pretest-posttest dengan kelompok kontrol. Sampel pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 dipilih secara purposive sampling dan dibagi menjadi kelompok intervensi dan kontrol. Kelompok intervensi menjalani brisk walking exercise selama 8 minggu (3 kali/minggu), sedangkan kelompok kontrol tidak menerima perlakuan. Kualitas tidur diukur menggunakan Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif, uji paired t-test atau Wilcoxon, serta independent t-test dengan tingkat kemaknaan 0.05.
Hasil: Terdapat peningkatan kualitas tidur yang bermakna pada kelompok intervensi setelah pemberian brisk walking exercise. Perbandingan skor PSQI posttest antara kelompok intervensi dan kontrol menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan secara statistik (p < 0.001).
Simpulan: Brisk walking exercise berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan kualitas tidur pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. Intervensi ini dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai pendekatan keperawatan nonfarmakologis yang efektif dan aplikatif dalam meningkatkan kualitas tidur pasien diabetes di layanan kesehatan primer.
Saran: Penelitian selanjutnya disarankan untuk mengembangkan desain dengan durasi intervensi yang lebih panjang, jumlah sampel yang lebih besar, serta melibatkan populasi yang lebih beragam untuk meningkatkan generalisasi temuan. Selain itu, penggunaan alat ukur objektif kualitas tidur seperti actigraphy atau polysomnography perlu dipertimbangkan guna melengkapi pengukuran subjektif PSQI dan meminimalkan potensi bias respon.
Kata Kunci: Brisk Walking Exercise; Diabetes Mellitus Type 2; Kualitas Tidur.
Downloads
References
American Diabetes Association. (2026). Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2026. In Diabetes care (Vol. 49, Issue 1, pp. S27–S49). Diakses dari: https://diabetesjournals.org/care/article/49/Supplement_1/S27/163926/2-Diagnosis-and-Classification-of-Diabetes
Antza, C., Kostopoulos, G., Mostafa, S., Nirantharakumar, K., & Tahrani, A. (2022). The links between sleep duration, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Endocrinology, 252(2), 125-141.
Balaji, P., & Varne, S. R. (2017). Physiological effects of brisk walking, yoga and non-walking on metabolic parameters and anthropometry among type 2 diabetic patients. International Journal of Physiology, Nutrition and Physical Education, 2, 99-102.
Barakat, S., Abujbara, M., Banimustafa, R., Batieha, A., & Ajlouni, K. (2019). Sleep quality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of clinical medicine research, 11(4), 261.
Borzouei, S., Ahmadi, A., & Pirdehghan, A. (2024). Sleep quality and glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 13(8), 3398-3402.
Darraj, A., & DARRAJ, A. (2023). The link between sleeping and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. Cureus, 15(11).
Ebrahimi, M., Guilan-Nejad, T. N., & Pordanjani, A. F. (2017). Effect of yoga and aerobics exercise on sleep quality in women with Type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Sleep Science, 10(02), 68-72.
Ghiasvand, P., & Irandoust, K. (2024). Moving for Better Sleep: A Narrative Review of Exercise and Sleep Quality. International Journal of Sport Studies for Health, 7(3).
International Diabetes Federation. (2024). IDF Diabetes Atlas: 11th edition 2025 – Global factsheet. Diakses dari: https://diabetesatlas.org
Kanaley, J. A., Colberg, S. R., Corcoran, M. H., Malin, S. K., Rodriguez, N. R., Crespo, C. J., & Zierath, J. R. (2022). Exercise/physical activity in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a consensus statement from the American College of Sports Medicine. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 54(2), 353.
Kasmad, K., Abdillah, A. J., & Karnelia, M. (2022). The impact of using brisk walking exerrcise in lower blood sugar of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. International Journal of Nursing Information, 1(1), 10-17.
Kianersi, S., Wang, H., Sofer, T., Noordam, R., Phillips, A., Rutter, M. K., & Huang, T. (2024). Association between accelerometer-measured irregular sleep duration and type 2 diabetes risk: a prospective cohort study in the UK biobank. Diabetes care, 47(9), 1647-1655.
Korkutata, A., Korkutata, M., & Lazarus, M. (2025). The impact of exercise on sleep and sleep disorders. npj Biological Timing and Sleep, 2(1), 5.
Liu, H., Zhu, H., Lu, Q., Ye, W., Huang, T., Li, Y., & Ji, L. (2025). Sleep features and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of medicine, 57(1), 2447422.
Nasir, N. F. M., Draman, N., Zulkifli, M. M., Muhamad, R., & Draman, S. (2022). Sleep quality among patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study in the East Coast Region of Peninsular Malaysia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(9), 5211.
Noroozzadeh, M., Mousavi, M., Naz, M. S. G., Farahmand, M., Azizi, F., & Ramezani Tehrani, F. (2025). Early menopause in mothers and the risks of pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus in female and male offspring: a population-based cohort study. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, 23(1), 76.
Opoku, B., de Beer-Brandon, C. R., Quartey, J., & Mshunqane, N. (2023). Effects of brisk walking on fasting blood glucose and blood pressure in diabetic patients. Journal of Insulin Resistance, 6(1), 77.
Peer, N., Balakrishna, Y., & Durao, S. (2020). Screening for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (5).
Public Health England. (2018). Brisk walking and physical inactivity in 40 to 60 year olds. Diakses dari: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/brisk-walking-and-physical-inactivity-in-40-to-60-year-olds/brisk-walking-and-physical-inactivity-in-40-to-60-year-olds
Rias, Y. A., Apriliyasari, R. W., Gautama, M. S. N., Hasan, F., Teli, M., Chiu, H. Y., & Thato, R. (2025). Effects of physical and mind-body exercise on sleep quality in individuals with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, 58(1), 1.
Salis, F., Belfiori, M., Figorilli, M., Mulas, M., Puligheddu, M., & Mandas, A. (2024). Sex differences in elderly people’s sleep: a cross-sectional study. Medicina, 60(10), 1654.
Wang, F., & Boros, S. (2021). The effect of daily walking exercise on sleep quality in healthy young adults. Sport Sciences for Health, 17(2), 393-401.
World Health Organization. (2024). Diabetes Dakses dari: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Holistik Jurnal Kesehatan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
