Edukasi kontrasepsi aman dan efektif untuk mencegah PMS pada WUS yang berisiko
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v20i1.2382
Kontrasepsi Aman Penyakit Menular Seksual (PMS) Penyuluhan Kesehatan Wanita Usia Subur (WUS)
Abstract
Background: Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are serious global public health problems, significantly impacting individuals' quality of life, the burden on the healthcare system, and socioeconomic development. Bandung, a metropolitan city in West Java, faces significant challenges related to these issues. Health statistics indicate that Bandung is among the areas with the highest prevalence of HIV and STDs at the provincial level. Given this situation, increasing knowledge and changing behaviors is key to breaking the chain of transmission.
Purpose: To increase the knowledge and understanding of women of childbearing age regarding the selection and use of contraception as a form of dual protection against unplanned pregnancy and STDs.
Method: This participatory action learning (PLA)-based study used a pre-experimental approach with a pre-test and post-test. The study was conducted on December 3, 2025, in Kebon Jeruk District, Bandung. The study population consisted of women of various ages, ranging from reproductive age to elderly, with 26 participants selected using a purposive sampling method. This study used lectures, discussions, contraceptive insertion simulations, and booklets. Success was measured quantitatively by comparing pre-test and post-test scores using the Wilcoxon test.
Results: Knowledge during the pre-test was mostly in the adequate category for 11 participants (42.3%), with an average score of 82.31. Furthermore, the post-test showed an increase in knowledge to good for 10 participants (38.5%) and fair for 15 participants (57.7%), with an average score of 89.23. The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test showed a W value of 0 with a p-value <0.001, indicating a statistically significant difference between pre-test and post-test scores.
Conclusion: Safe and effective contraceptive education activities have been shown to significantly improve the knowledge of women of childbearing age regarding pregnancy and STDs prevention.
Suggestion: Further research is recommended, including regular workshops through community health posts and family health services, digital modules, and collaboration with community health centers for sexually transmitted diseases screening, to expand the impact of STDs prevention.
Keywords: Health Education; Safe Contraception; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Women of Reproductive Age.
Pendahuluan: Penyakit Menular Seksual (PMS) dan Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat global yang serius, dengan dampak signifikan terhadap kualitas hidup individu, beban sistem kesehatan, serta pembangunan sosial ekonomi. Kota Bandung, sebagai salah satu kota metropolitan di Jawa Barat, menghadapi tantangan yang signifikan terkait isu ini. Data statistik kesehatan menunjukkan bahwa Kota Bandung termasuk daerah dengan angka prevalensi HIV dan PMS yang tinggi di tingkat provinsi. Mengingat kondisi ini, peningkatan pengetahuan dan perubahan perilaku menjadi kunci utama dalam memutus rantai penularan.
Tujuan: Untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan pemahaman WUS tentang pemilihan dan penggunaan kontrasepsi sebagai bentuk perlindungan ganda (dual protection) terhadap kehamilan tidak direncanakan dan PMS.
Metode: Penelitian berbasis participatory learting and action (PLA) dengan desain kegiatan menggunakan pendekatan pre-eksperimen dengan menggunakan pre-test dan post-test. Penelitian dilaksanakan tanggal 3 Desember 2025 di wilayah Kelurahan Kebon jeruk kota Bandung. Populasi penelitian ini adalah wanita berbagai usia mulai dari wanita usia subur sampai lanjut usia, dengan jumlah peserta 26 orang yang dipilih menggunakan purposive sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode ceramah, diskusi, simulasi pemasangan kontrasepsi, serta media booklet. Tingkat keberhasilan diukur secara kuantitatif melalui perbandingan skor pre-test dan post-test menggunakan uji Wilcoxon.
Hasil : Pengetahuan saat pre-test, sebagian besar berada pada kategori cukup sebanyak 11 partisipan (42.3%) dengan nilai rata-rata sebesar 82.31. Selanjutnya, dilakukan post-test terjadi peningkatan menjadi pengetahuan baik sebanyak 10 partisipan (38.5%) dan cukup sebanyak 15 partisipan (57.7%) dengan nilai rata-rata sebesar 89.23. Hasil uji Wilcoxon Signed-Rank menunjukkan nilai W = 0 dengan p-value < 0.001, menandakan terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna secara statistik antara nilai pretest dan posttest.
Simpulan: Kegiatan edukasi kontrasepsi aman dan efektif terbukti mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan WUS secara signifikan mengenai pencegahan kehamilan dan PMS.
Saran: Penelitian selanjutnya direkomendasikan melalui workshop berkala melalui posyandu PKK, modul digital, serta kolaborasi puskesmas untuk skrining IMS, guna memperluas dampak pencegahan PMS.
Kata Kunci: Kontrasepsi Aman; Penyakit Menular Seksual (PMS); Penyuluhan Kesehatan; Wanita Usia Subur (WUS).
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