Pengaruh spiritualitas terhadap kepatuhan dan kualitas hidup pasien orang dengan human immunodeficiency virus (ODHIV): A systematic review
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v20i2.2317
Kepatuhan Kualitas Hidup Orang dengan Human Immunodeficiency Virus (ODHIV) Spiritualitas
Abstract
Background: Treatment adherence and quality of life in patients living with HIV (PLHIV) remain serious issues. Patient spirituality may be a solution because it can provide peace of mind and have a positive psychological impact.
Purpose: To analyze the influence of spirituality on treatment availability and quality of life in patients living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV).
Method: A systematic review and selection of articles based on the eligibility criteria of Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome (PICO) were obtained from three major databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Proquest. Keywords used included "antiretroviral therapy or antiretroviral therapy and HIV and AIDS." Inclusion criteria included full-text articles with quasi-experimental and cross-sectional study designs published between 2019 and 2024. Article quality was assessed using the JBI Critical Appraisal Tool.
Results: Seventeen identified articles demonstrated that good spirituality in HIV patients can improve treatment adherence and quality of life. Furthermore, the relatively balanced distribution of effect estimates indicates the absence of bias, as demonstrated by the balance between the left and right plots.
Conclusion: The spirituality model demonstrates a positive effect on treatment adherence and quality of life in HIV patients.
Suggestion: Healthcare workers are advised to integrate spirituality-based nursing homes for HIV patients.
Keywords: Adherence; People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus; Quality of Life; Spirituality.
Pendahuluan: Kepatuhan minum obat dan kualitas hidup pasien ODHIV masih menemui masalah yang serius. Spiritualitas pasien mampu menjadi solusi karena dapat memberikan ketenangan dan mampu berdampak positif pada psikologis pasien.
Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis pengaruh spiritualitas terhadap kepatuhan minum obat dan kualitas hidup pasien orang dengan human immunodeficiency virus (ODHIV).
Metode: Systematic review dan artikel diseleksi berdasarkan kriteria kelayakan Population Intervetion, Comparator Outcome (PICO), diperoleh dari tiga basis data utama, yaitu PubMed, Scopus, dan Proquest. Kata kunci yang digunakan meliputi “Spiritual or religious and adherence antiretroviral or antiretroviral therapy and HIV and AIDS.” Kriteria inklusi mencakup artikel full-text dengan desain penelitian quasi-experimental dan cross-sectional study yang dipublikasikan pada periode 2019–2024. Penilaian kualitas artikel dalam penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan JBI Critical Apprasial.
Hasil: Berdasarkan 17 artikel yang ditemukan, menunjukkan bahwa spiritualitas yang baik pada pasien HIV dapat meningkatkan kapatuhan minum obat dan kualitas hidup pasien. Selain itu, sebaran estimasi efek yang relatif seimbang menunjukkan tidak adanya bias, yang ditunjukkan oleh keseimbangan antara plot kiri dan kanan pada analisis.
Simpulan: Model spiritualitas menunjukkan pengaruh yang baik untuk kepatuhan minum obat dan kualitas hidup pada pasien HIV.
Saran: Tenaga kesehatan disarankan untuk mengintegrasikan asuhan keperawatan berbasis spiritualitas pada pasien dengan HIV.
Kata Kunci: Kepatuhan; Kualitas Hidup; Orang dengan Human Immunodeficiency Virus (ODHIV); Spiritualitas.
Downloads
References
Abdulai, M. A., Mevissen, F. E., Ruiter, R. A., Owusu‐Agyei, S., Asante, K. P., & Bos, A. E. (2022). A Qualitative Analysis of Factors Influencing Antiretroviral Adherence among Persons Living with HIV in Ghana. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 32(1), 135-150.
Algaralleh, A., Altwalbeh, D., & Al-Tarawneh, F. (2020). Health-Related Quality of Life among Persons Living with HIV/AIDS in Jordan: an Exploratory Study. HIV/AIDS-Research and Palliative Care, 897-907.
Amalia, N. P. (2022). Upaya Pencegahan HIV / AIDS Dalam Mencapai Tujuan Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Prosiding Seminar Nasional UNIMUS, 5, 2025–2030.
Armini, N. K. A., Nursalam, N., & Ikmala, L. S. (2023). Analysis of Factors Influencing Health-Related Quality of Life in HIV/AIDS Patients. HIV and AIDS Review, 22(4), 300–304.
Azia, I. N., Carelse, S., Nyembezi, A., & Mukumbang, F. C. (2022). Role of Religious Beliefs in adherence To Antiretroviral Therapy in The Cape Town Metropole: A Study Protocol. BMJ Open, 12(9), 1–7.
Bukhori, B., Hidayanti, E., & Situmorang, D. D. B. (2022). Religious Coping Strategies For People With HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) Muslims in Indonesia: A Qualitative Study with a telling-The-Stories. Heliyon, 8(12).
Gall, T. L., Charbonneau, C., Clarke, N. H., Grant, K., Joseph, A., & Shouldice, L. (2005). Understanding The Nature and Role of Spirituality in Relation to Coping and Health: A Conceptual Framework. Psychology Canadienne, 46(2), 88–104.
Grill, K. B., Wang, J., Cheng, Y. I., & Lyon, M. E. (2020). The Role Of Religiousness and Spirituality In Health-Related Quality of Life of Persons Living With HIV: A Latent Class Analysis. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 12(4), 494.
Hartiningsih, S. N., Oktavianto, E., & Setyaningrum, N. (2021). Spiritualitas Berhubungan dengan kualitas Hidup Penderita HIV. Jurnal Penelitian Perawat Profesional, 3(3), 437-444.
Hasan, M., Jamil, K. F., Darmawi, D., Syukri, M., Liansyah, T. M., Beočanin, A., & Erianza, D. (2023). Quality of Life and Its Predictors among People Living with HIV in Muslim Majority Region: A cross-sectional study in Aceh. Narra J, 3(2).
Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2024). Hari AIDS Sedunia 2024 Hak Setara Untuk Semua Bersama Kita Bisa. Diakses dari https://kemkes.go.id/id/hak-setara-untuk-semua-momen-aksi-bersama-di-hari-aids-sedunia-2024.
Krishnan, A., Ranjit, Y. S., Zhou, X., & Altice, F. L. (2025). Predicting Antiretroviral Medication Adherence among Substance-Using People With HIV: Test and Extension of The Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 48(3), 403–413.
Lahai, M., Theobald, S., Wurie, H. R., Lakoh, S., Erah, P. O., Samai, M., & Raven, J. (2022). Factors Influencing Adherence To Antiretroviral Therapy from The Experience of People Living with HIV and their Healthcare Providers in Sierra Leone: A Qualitative Study. BMC Health Services Research, 22(1), 1–9.
Manopo, N. A., Pakaya, N., & Rahim, N. K. (2025). Hubungan Kepatuhan Minum Obat ARV dengan Kualitas Hidup Penderita HIV / AIDS The Relationship Between Compliance with ARV Medication and Quality of Life in HIV / AIDS Patients. 8(8), 5504–5512.
Mao, Y., Qiao, S., Li, X., Zhao, Q., Zhou, Y., & Shen, Z. (2019). Depression, Social Support, and Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy Among People Living With HIV in Guangxi, China: A Longitudinal Study. AIDS Education and Prevention : Official Publication of the International Society for AIDS Education, 31(1), 38–50.
Martawinarti, R. T. S. N., Nursalam, N., & Wahyudi, A. S. (2020). Lived Experience of People Living with HIV/AIDS Undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy: A Qualitative Study. Jurnal Ners, 15(1 Special Issue), 157–163.
Murwani, W. G. (2020). Hubungan Tingkat Spiritualitas dengan Tingkat Kualitas Hidup Pasien HIV/AIDS di Poliklinik VCT RSUD dr. Moewardi Surakarta. ASJN (Aisyiyah Surakarta Journal of Nursing), 1(1), 1–9.
Nadhiroh, M., Amigo, T. A. E., & Primasari, N. A. (2021). Peran Spiritualitas Bagi Orang Dengan HIV / AIDS ( ODHA ) : Literature Review. Jurnal Keperawatan, 1(1), 6.
Neupane, S., Dhungana, G., & Ghimire, H. (2019). Adherencia Al Tratamiento Antirretroviral y factores Asociados Entre Personas Que Viven Con VIH y SIDA en CHITWAN, Nepal. BMC Public Health, 19(1), 1–9.
Ningsih, F. H., Azaam, R., & Mustikasari, M. (2020). Kesejahteraan Spiritual dengan Kejadian Infeksi Oportunistik Pada Odha. J. Keperawtaan Silampari, 4, 66-76.
Olanrewaju, M. T., Olanrewaju, O. O., Ibrahim, A. O., Ipinnimo, T. M., Ajayi, P. O., & Sito, O. K. (2024). Pattern of Medication Adherence, Spirituality and Viral Load amongst Adult Patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Rural Southwest Nigeria. Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal, 31(4), 290-298.
Uyen, P., & Jackson, M. (2024). Analysis of Risk Factors That Influence Patient Compliance in Taking Antiretroviral Drugs for HIV/AIDS Treatment in Hanoi Hospital, Vietnam. Scientific Journal of Dermatology and Venereology, 2(2), 66-73.
Poteat, T., & Lassiter, J. M. (2019). Positive Religious Coping Predicts Self-Reported HIV Medication Adherence at Baseline and Twelve-Month Follow-Up among Black Americans Living with HIV in The Southeastern United States. AIDS Care - Psychological and Socio-Medical Aspects of AIDS/HIV, 31(8), 958–964.
Primeira, M. R., Dos Santos, W. M., De Paula, C. C., & De Mello Padoin, S. M. (2020). Quality of Life, Adherence and Clinical Indicators among People Living with HIV. ACTA Paulista de Enfermagem, 33, 1–8.
Saputra, R., Waluyo, A., & Edison, C. (2024). The Relationship between Distress Tolerance and Spiritual Well-Being towards ARV Therapy Adherence in People Living with HIV/AIDS. Healthcare (Switzerland), 12(8). 839.
Tandon, N., Mao, J., Shprecher, A., Anderson, A. J., Cao, F., Jiao, X., & Brown, K. (2019). Compliance with Clinical Guidelines and Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy among Patients Living with HIV. Current Medical Research and Opinion, 35(1), 63–71.
Triprasetyo, A. L. K., Kumboyono, N., & Rini, N. I. S., (2021). Hubungan Tingkat Spiritual dengan Resiliensi pada Orang dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA) di Yayasan Cahaya Kasih Peduli Turen Kabupaten Malang (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Brawijaya).
United Nations Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. (2020). UNAIDS fact sheet. Global HIV statistics. End. AIDS Epidemic, 1–3. Diakses dari: https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/fact-sheet?utm_
Witdiawati, W., Ibrahim, K., Juniarti, N., Nugraha, B. A., Ayuningsih, R., & Afriandi, I. (2021). Spiritual Needs and Their Correlation with Characteristics of People Living with HIV/AIDS: A cross-Sectional Study. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 9(T6), 31–35.
Zainal-Abidin, A. N. I., Ariffin, F., Badlishah-Sham, S. F., & Razali, S. (2022). Exploring Spiritual and Religious Coping Among PLHIV in a Malaysian Muslim Community: A Qualitative Study. HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care, 14(August), 409–422.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Holistik Jurnal Kesehatan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
