Efektivitas psikoedukasi terhadap penurunan stigma pada pasien dan keluarga dengan gangguan jiwa: A systematic literature review
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v20i2.2245
Gangguan Jiwa Psikoedukasi Stigma Internalisasi
Abstract
Background: Stigma surrounding mental illness remains a major barrier to recovery and negatively impacts the psychosocial well-being of patients and their families. Psychoeducation has been widely used as a strategy to reduce stigma, but its effectiveness varies depending on the population, method, and cultural context.
Purpose: To synthesize current evidence on the effectiveness of psychoeducational interventions in reducing stigma in patients with mental illness and their families.
Method: A systematic literature review was conducted based on PRISMA guidelines. A literature search of PubMed and Google Scholar covered the period 2010–2025. Articles meeting inclusion criteria were evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal.
Results: Psychoeducation effectively reduced internalized stigma in patients and affiliative stigma in families, while improving social functioning and mental health literacy. Interventions based on lived experience, such as In Our Own Voice–Family, demonstrated greater effectiveness than conventional psychoeducation. However, one randomized controlled trial reported that the positive impact of psychoeducation diminished after six months, highlighting the challenge of long-term sustainability.
Conclusion: Psychoeducation is an effective intervention in reducing stigma in patients and families with mental disorders. However, long-term effectiveness remains a challenge, requiring ongoing program integration and longitudinal follow-up studies to measure the sustainability of its impact.
Keywords: Internalized Stigma; Mental Disorders; Psychoeducation.
Pendahuluan: Stigma terhadap gangguan jiwa masih menjadi hambatan utama dalam proses pemulihan dan berdampak negatif terhadap kesejahteraan psikososial pasien maupun keluarganya. Psikoedukasi telah banyak digunakan sebagai strategi untuk menurunkan stigma, namun efektivitasnya bervariasi tergantung pada populasi, metode, dan konteks budaya.
Tujuan: Untuk mensintesis bukti terkini mengenai efektivitas intervensi psikoedukasi dalam menurunkan stigma pada pasien dengan gangguan jiwa dan keluarganya.
Metode: Penelitian systematic literature review berdasarkan panduan PRISMA. Pencarian literatur dari basis data PubMed dan Google Scholar dilakukan untuk periode 2010–2025. Artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dievaluasi menggunakan Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal.
Hasil: Psikoedukasi efektif menurunkan stigma internalisasi pada pasien serta stigma afiliasi pada keluarga, sekaligus meningkatkan fungsi sosial dan literasi kesehatan jiwa. Intervensi berbasis pengalaman langsung, seperti In Our Own Voice–Family, menunjukkan efektivitas lebih tinggi dibandingkan psikoedukasi konvensional. Namun, salah satu hasil penelitian menggunakan uji acak terkontrol melaporkan bahwa dampak positif psikoedukasi berkurang setelah enam bulan dan menyoroti tantangan keberlanjutan jangka panjang.
Simpulan: Psikoedukasi merupakan intervensi yang efektif dalam menurunkan stigma pada pasien dan keluarga dengan gangguan jiwa. Namun, efektivitas jangka panjang masih menjadi tantangan, sehingga diperlukan integrasi program berkelanjutan dan studi lanjutan dengan desain longitudinal untuk mengukur keberlanjutan dampaknya.
Kata Kunci: Gangguan Jiwa; Psikoedukasi; Stigma Internalisasi.
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