Kompetensi manajerial kepala ruang dan kepuasan kerja perawat di rumah sakit: A scoping review
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v20i1.2202
Kepuasan Kerja Perawat Kompetensi Kepala Ruang Manajemen Keperawatan
Abstract
Background: The managerial competencies of ward managers are key determinants in creating a supportive work environment, which ultimately impacts the quality of nursing care in hospitals. A comprehensive mapping of scientific evidence regarding the specific competency aspeks of ward managers that are most influential is essential to inform the development of focused and effective interventions.
Purpose: To map the scientific evidence on ward managers competencies and their relationship with nurses’ job satisfaction, as well as to identify the specific competency aspeks most frequently reported in the literature.
Method: A scoping review design following the PRISMA-ScR framework. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases for publications from 2019 to 2025. Data were synthesized using descriptive and narrative approaches.
Results: Of the 18 studies that met the inclusion criteria, ward managers competencies showed a strong positive association with nurses’ job satisfaction. The four most consistently identified and influential competency aspeks were planning, organizing, leadership and direction, and interpersonal communication.
Conclusion: These findings provide a mapped body of evidence highlighting the pivotal role of ward managers competencies in nurses’ job satisfaction. The four core competency aspeks identified can be prioritized in training programs and policy development to enhance the work environment and the quality of nursing care. This review also identifies research gaps for future studies.
Keyword: Nurses’ Job Satisfaction; Nursing Management; Ward Managers Competency.
Pendahuluan: Kompetensi manajerial kepala ruang merupakan determinan penting dalam menciptakan lingkungan kerja yang suportif dan berdampak pada mutu pelayanan keperawatan. Diperlukan pemetaan bukti ilmiah yang komprehensif untuk mengidentifikasi aspek kompetensi yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan kerja perawat.
Tujuan: Untuk memetakan bukti ilmiah mengenai kompetensi manajerial kepala ruang dan hubungannya dengan kepuasan kerja perawat, serta mengidentifikasi aspek kompetensi yang paling sering dilaporkan dalam literatur.
Metode: Desain scoping review dengan mengikuti pedoman PRISMA-ScR. Pencarian literatur sistematis dilakukan pada basis data PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, dan Google Scholar untuk publikasi tahun 2019 hingga 2025. Sintesis data dilakukan secara deskriptif dan naratif. Kualitas metodologi artikel dinilai menggunakan instrumen Critical Appraisal dari Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI).
Hasil: Dari 18 artikel yang dianalisis, kompetensi manajerial kepala ruang secara konsisten dilaporkan berkaitan dengan kepuasan kerja perawat dalam berbagai setting rumah sakit. Meskipun ditemukan 15 aspek kompetensi, empat aspek utama perencanaan, pengorganisasian, kepemimpinan dan pengarahan, serta komunikasi interpersonal menjadi yang paling sering dilaporkan dalam literatur. Keempat aspek ini ditetapkan sebagai aspek utama karena muncul secara konsisten dan dilaporkan pada lebih dari separuh artikel yang direview.
Simpulan: Scoping review ini menegaskan peran penting kompetensi manajerial kepala ruang dalam meningkatkan kepuasan kerja perawat. Keempat aspek inti yang teridentifikasi dapat dijadikan prioritas dalam pengembangan program pelatihan kepemimpinan dan kebijakan rumah sakit untuk meningkatkan kepuasan kerja dan kualitas asuhan serta bahan penelitian untuk studi lebih lanjut.
Kata Kunci: Kepuasan Kerja Perawat; Kompetensi Kepala Ruang; Manajemen Keperawatan.
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