Faktor psikososial yang memengaruhi post-traumatic growth pada pasien kanker payudara: Sebuah tinjauan literatur sistematis
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v20i1.2196
Dukungan Sosial Faktor Psikososial Kanker Payudara Post-Traumatic Growth Resiliensi
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is often perceived as a traumatic event that demands adaptive capacity to survive and find new meaning after a difficult process. One adaptive mechanism is post-traumatic growth (PTG), which is positive psychological growth after experiencing trauma. The level of PTG in breast cancer patients varies and is influenced by multifactorial and complex psychosocial factors, including both internal and external factors.
Purpose: To synthesize scientific evidence regarding psychosocial factors associated with post-traumatic growth in breast cancer patients.
Method: This systematic literature review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and the methodological framework of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). A comprehensive literature search was conducted in five electronic databases: ScienceDirect, PubMed, SpringerLink, Google Scholar, and Sage Journals. English-language research articles published within the last 10 years were selected based on predetermined inclusion criteria. Data were systematically extracted and synthesized using a narrative approach.
Results: Ten studies were selected from 1,081 articles identified initially, involving a total of 2,464 breast cancer patients. Post-traumatic growth in breast cancer patients is influenced by the interaction between internal psychological factors and external social factors. Psychological factors associated with PTG include resilience, optimism, self-efficacy, locus of control, perceived stress, and coping strategies, while perceived social support emerged as the most significant external factor.
Conclusion: PTG in breast cancer patients is formed through a psychosocial adaptation process influenced by both psychological factors and social support. These findings emphasize the importance of evidence-based nursing and psychosocial interventions to support psychological growth and quality of life in patients.
Keywords: Breast Cancer; Post-Traumatic Growth; Psychosocial Factors; Resilience; Social Support.
Pendahuluan: Kanker payudara sering dipersepsikan sebagai peristiwa traumatis yang menuntut kapasitas adaptif untuk bertahan hidup dan menemukan makna baru setelah menjalani proses yang sulit. Salah satu mekanisme adaptif adalah post-traumatic growth (PTG), yaitu pertumbuhan psikologis positif setelah mengalami trauma. Tingkat PTG pada pasien kanker payudara bervariasi dan dipengaruhi oleh faktor psikososial yang multifaktorial dan kompleks, mencakup faktor internal maupun eksternal.
Tujuan: Untuk mensintesis bukti ilmiah mengenai faktor-faktor psikososial yang berhubungan dengan post-traumatic growth pada pasien kanker payudara.
Metode: Tinjauan literatur sistematis ini dilakukan sesuai dengan pedoman PRISMA dan kerangka metodologis dari Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Penelusuran literatur secara komprehensif dilakukan pada 5 basis data elektronik, yaitu ScienceDirect, PubMed, SpringerLink, Google Scholar, dan Sage Journals. Artikel penelitian berbahasa Inggris yang diterbitkan dalam 10 tahun terakhir dipilih berdasarkan kriteria inklusi yang telah ditetapkan. Data diekstraksi secara sistematis dan disintesis menggunakan pendekatan naratif.
Hasil: Sebanyak 10 studi terpilih dari 1,081 artikel yang teridentifikasi pada tahap awal, dengan total 2,464 pasien kanker payudara. Post-traumatic growth pada pasien kanker payudara dipengaruhi oleh interaksi antara faktor psikologis internal dan faktor sosial eksternal. Faktor psikologis yang berhubungan dengan PTG meliputi resiliensi, optimisme, efikasi diri, locus of control, persepsi stres, dan strategi koping, sedangkan dukungan sosial yang dirasakan muncul sebagai faktor eksternal yang paling signifikan.
Simpulan: PTG pada pasien kanker payudara terbentuk melalui proses adaptasi psikososial yang dipengaruhi oleh faktor psikologis dan dukungan sosial. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya intervensi keperawatan dan psikososial berbasis bukti untuk mendukung pertumbuhan psikologis dan kualitas hidup pasien.
Kata Kunci: Dukungan Sosial; Faktor Psikososial; Kanker Payudara; Post-Traumatic Growth; Resiliensi.
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