Intervensi digital dalam pengelolaan beban gejala dan peningkatan self-management pasien kemoterapi
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v20i1.2116
Beban Gejala Intervensi Berbasis Teknologi Kanker Kemoterapi Self-Management
Abstract
Background: Patients undergoing chemotherapy often experience persistent physical and psychological symptoms that are difficult to manage independently. Limitations in conventional monitoring have prompted the use of technology-based interventions as a supportive strategy for symptom management.
Purpose: To determine the effectiveness of technology-based interventions in reducing symptom burden and improving self-management in chemotherapy patients.
Method: A systematic review was conducted using the PRISMA framework. Articles published between 2013-2024 were searched across ProQuest, Scopus, PubMed, Clinical Key for Nursing, and Sage Journals. Inclusion criteria comprised quasi-experimental studies evaluating digital health technologies in chemotherapy patients, with quality assessment performed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP).
Results: Ten studies met the inclusion criteria, which included the use of mobile apps, electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePRO) systems, telephone, SMS, and web-based platforms. Overall, digital interventions have the potential to reduce symptom burden and increase patient self-efficacy and active participation. The highest effectiveness was found in interventions that combined daily monitoring with follow-up by healthcare professionals, while adherence rates were found to be very low due to less interactive designs.
Conclusion: Technology-based interventions can support symptom management and self-management in chemotherapy patients, provided they are integrated with responsive clinical support.
Suggestion: Future development of digital interventions should prioritize the integration of clinical responses, adaptive user-centered design, and long-term evaluation to ensure sustained benefits for patients’ quality of life.
Keywords: Cancer; Chemotherapy; Self-Management; Symptom Burden; Technology-Based Interventions.
Pendahuluan: Pasien yang menjalani kemoterapi sering mengalami berbagai gejala fisik dan psikologis yang berkelanjutan serta sulit dikelola secara mandiri. Keterbatasan pemantauan konvensional mendorong penggunaan intervensi berbasis teknologi sebagai strategi pendukung dalam pengelolaan gejala.
Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui efektivitas intervensi berbasis teknologi dalam menurunkan beban gejala dan meningkatkan self-management pada pasien kemoterapi.
Metode: Penelitian systematic review ini dilakukan menggunakan kerangka kerja PRISMA. Pencarian artikel publikasi tahun 2014-2024 dillakukan pada database ProQuest, Scopus, PubMed, Clinical Key for Nursing, dan Sage Journals. Kriteria inklusi meliputi studi studi kuasi-eksperimental yang mengevaluasi teknologi kesehatan digital pada pasien kemoterapi, dengan penilaian kualitas menggunakan Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP).
Hasil: Sebanyak 10 studi memenuhi kriteria inklusi yang mencakup penggunaan aplikasi mobile, sistem electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePRO), telepon, SMS, dan platform web-based. Secara umum, intervensi digital berpotensi menurunkan beban gejala dan meningkatkan self-efficacy serta partisipasi aktif pasien. Efektivitas tertinggi ditemukan pada intervensi yang menggabungkan pemantauan harian dengan tindak lanjut dari tenaga kesehatan, sementara tingkat kepatuhan ditemukan sangat rendah karena desain yang kurang interaktif.
Simpulan: Intervensi berbasis teknologi dapat mendukung pengelolaan gejala dan self-management pasien kemoterapi, terutama jika terintegrasi dengan dukungan klinis yang responsif.
Saran: Pengembangan intervensi digital di masa depan perlu memprioritaskan integrasi respons klinis, desain adaptif berbasis kebutuhan pengguna, dan evaluasi jangka panjang untuk memastikan keberlanjutan manfaat bagi kualitas hidup pasien.
Kata Kunci: Beban Gejala; Intervensi Berbasis Teknologi; Kanker; Kemoterapi; Self-Management.
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