Pengaruh penggunaan selimut thermal terhadap perubahan suhu tubuh pada bayi dengan hipothermia di ruang perinatologi: A systematic literature review
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v19i12.2113
Hipotermia Ruang Perinatologi Selimut Thermal Suhu Tubuh Bayi
Abstract
Background: Hypothermia in infants is a critical care emergency that increases the risk of morbidity and mortality. The use of thermal blankets is an effective non-pharmacological intervention to maintain body temperature, but scientific evidence regarding its effectiveness in perinatology wards is limited.
Purpose: To assess the effect of thermal blankets on changes in body temperature in infants with hypothermia in perinatology wards.
Method: A systematic literature review was conducted using various national and international databases. The search databases used were PubMed, Google Scholar, Scimago, DOAJ, Garuda, and Neliti. Keywords were structured based on the PICO framework and using Boolean operators (AND/OR). Inclusion criteria for this study were articles published between 2015 and 2025, in English or Indonesian, and published online.
Results: The most common intervention in this literature was thermal intervention (warming) using thermal blankets. All programs showed a significant increase or stabilization in body temperature (p < 0.05). Infants are vulnerable to hypothermia due to their immature thermoregulatory systems, low subcutaneous fat, large body surface area, and limited metabolic capacity to generate heat. Meanwhile, external challenges for healthcare workers include limited heating equipment, the need for infant mobility, and the risk of heat loss during transport and cesarean delivery.
Conclusion: The use of thermal blankets has been shown to significantly increase the body temperature of infants with hypothermia in the perinatology ward. This intervention can be recommended as a nursing intervention to stabilize infant temperature, especially in settings with limited facilities.
Keywords: Hypothermia; Infant Body Temperature; Perinatology Ward; Thermal Blanket.
Pendahuluan: Hipotermia pada bayi adalah kondisi gawat darurat yang meningkatkan risiko morbiditas dan mortalitas. Penggunaan selimut thermal menjadi intervensi non-farmakologis yang efektif untuk menjaga suhu tubuh, namun bukti ilmiah mengenai efektivitasnya di ruang perinatologi masih terbatas.
Tujuan: Untuk menilai pengaruh selimut thermal terhadap perubahan suhu tubuh bayi dengan hipotermia di ruang perinatologi.
Metode: Penelitian literature review dilakukan secara sistematis melalui berbagai basis data nasional dan internasional. Database pencarian yang digunakan yaitu PubMed, Google Scholar, Scimago, DOAJ, Garuda, dan Neliti. Kata kunci disusun berdasarkan kerangka PICO dan menggunakan Boolean operator (AND/OR). Kriteria inklusi dalam penelitian ini adalah artikel yang dipublikasikan antara 2015-2025, berbahasa Inggris atau bahasa Indonesia dan diterbitkan secara daring.
Hasil: Intervensi yang paling umum dalam literatur ini adalah intervensi termal (penghangat) penggunaan selimut thermal. Seluruh program menunjukkan peningkatan peningkatan atau stabilisasi suhu tubuh secara signifikan (p < 0.05). Bayi rentan hipotermia karena sistem termoregulasi yang belum matang, lemak subkutan sedikit, luas permukaan tubuh besar, dan kemampuan metabolik yang masih terbatas untuk menghasilkan panas. Sementara tantangan eksternal tenaga kesehatan, seperti keterbatasan alat pemanas, kebutuhan mobilitas bayi, serta risiko kehilangan panas saat transportasi dan pada persalinan sesarea.
Simpulan: Penggunaan selimut thermal terbukti berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan suhu tubuh bayi dengan hipotermia di ruang perinatologi. Intervensi ini dapat direkomendasikan sebagai salah satu tindakan keperawatan dalam stabilisasi suhu bayi, khususnya pada kondisi fasilitas yang terbatas.
Kata Kunci: Hipotermia; Ruang Perinatologi; Selimut Thermal; Suhu Tubuh Bayi.
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