Intervensi berbasis komunitas dalam peningkatan layanan, pertumbuhan, dan perkembangan batita dan balita: A scooping review
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v19i10.2095
Balita Batita Intervensi Berbasis Komunitas Layanan Perkembangan Pertumbuhan
Abstract
Background: Early childhood, particularly the toddler and preschool periods (ages 1–5 years), is a crucial phase that determines the quality of a child's future growth, development, and health. At this stage, children are vulnerable to various nutritional, health, and developmental issues influenced by biological factors, parenting styles, and social and environmental conditions. Community-based midwifery nursing plays a strategic role in addressing these challenges through integrated, community-oriented services.
Purpose: To comprehensively map and assess community-based intervention models for improving services, growth, and development for infants and young children.
Method: This scoping review study employed the Arksey and O'Malley framework. A literature search was conducted through PubMed and Scopus databases for articles published between 2020 and 2025. Included articles were full-text articles in English and Indonesian. The selection process was conducted independently by reviewers based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data analysis was conducted using numerical descriptive analysis and narrative thematic synthesis.
Results: The community midwifery service model encompasses integrated community-based services, empowerment of cadres and families, monitoring of child growth and development, health promotion activities, psychosocial support, and the use of digital technology. This model is collaborative and contextual, contributing to improving the quality of services and child health outcomes.
Conclusion: A comprehensive community midwifery service model that is responsive to the sociocultural context has significant potential to support optimal health and development of infants and young children. These findings can inform policy development, strengthen community midwifery practices, and guide future research.
Keywords: Community-Based Interventions; Development; Growth; Services; Toddlers.
Pendahuluan: Masa kanak-kanak awal, khususnya periode toddler dan pra sekolah (usia 1–5 tahun) merupakan fase penting yang menentukan kualitas pertumbuhan, perkembangan, dan kesehatan anak di masa depan. Pada tahap ini, anak rentan terhadap berbagai masalah gizi, kesehatan, dan perkembangan yang dipengaruhi oleh faktor biologis, pola pengasuhan, serta kondisi sosial dan lingkungan. Keperawatan kebidanan berbasis komunitas memiliki peran strategis dalam menjawab tantangan tersebut melalui pelayanan yang terintegrasi dan berorientasi pada masyarakat.
Tujuan: Untuk memetakan dan mengkaji secara komprehensif model intervensi berbasis komunitas dalam peningkatan layanan, pertumbuhan, dan perkembangan batita dan balita.
Metode: Penelitian scoping review mengacu pada kerangka kerja Arksey dan O’Malley. Pencarian literatur dilakukan melalui basis data PubMed dan Scopus terhadap artikel yang dipublikasikan pada tahun 2020–2025. Artikel yang disertakan merupakan artikel teks lengkap berbahasa Inggris dan Indonesia. Proses seleksi dilakukan secara independen oleh penelaah berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif numerik dan sintesis tematik naratif.
Hasil: Model pelayanan kebidanan komunitas mencakup layanan berbasis komunitas yang terintegrasi, pemberdayaan kader dan keluarga, pemantauan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak, kegiatan promosi kesehatan, dukungan psikososial, serta pemanfaatan teknologi digital. Model ini bersifat kolaboratif dan kontekstual, serta berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan kualitas pelayanan dan luaran kesehatan anak.
Simpulan: Model pelayanan kebidanan komunitas yang komprehensif dan responsif terhadap konteks sosial budaya memiliki potensi besar dalam mendukung kesehatan dan perkembangan optimal bayi dan anak usia dini. Temuan ini dapat menjadi dasar bagi pengembangan kebijakan, penguatan praktik kebidanan komunitas, serta arah penelitian selanjutnya.
Kata Kunci: Balita; Batita; Intervensi Berbasis Komunitas; Layanan; Perkembangan; Pertumbuhan.
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