Peran status gizi, konsumsi tablet tambah darah, dan siklus menstruasi terhadap kejadian anemia remaja putri
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v19i11.2012
Anemia Status Gizi Tablet Tambah Darah Siklus Menstruasi
Abstract
Background: Anemia is a health problem that significantly impacts adolescent girls. Adolescent girls are particularly vulnerable to anemia due to their rapid growth, requiring optimal nutritional intake. Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) serve not only as places of learning but also as residences for female students, posing challenges in maintaining their nutritional status and health. Common causes of anemia include nutritional status, iron supplement tablet consumption, and menstrual cycles.
Purpose: To analyze the role of nutritional status, consumption of iron tablets, and menstrual cycle on the incidence of anemia in adolescent girls.
Method: This quantitative study, using a cross-sectional design, was conducted in November 2025 at the Raudhatul Ulum Islamic Boarding School in Ogan Ilir Regency. A sample of 75 female students was selected using purposive sampling. Data were obtained through hemoglobin (Hb) examinations, weight and height measurements, and questionnaire interviews regarding iron supplement tablet consumption and menstrual cycles. The chi-square test was used for analysis.
Results: This study found that 8.0% of participants had anemia. The chi-square test results showed a relationship between nutritional status (p-value = 0.049) and menstrual cycle (p-value = 0.017) with the incidence of anemia. Meanwhile, there was no relationship between iron supplement tablet consumption and anemia (p-value = 0.626).
Conclusion: Nutritional status and menstrual cycle were significantly associated with the incidence of anemia, but iron supplement tablet consumption was not. Therefore, it is important to improve education about nutrition and reproductive health by involving peers, teachers, dormitory heads, and families.
Suggestion: Islamic boarding schools can improve education about nutrition and reproductive health through outreach programs involving teachers, families, and dormitory heads. Improving compliance with iron supplement consumption is also necessary by establishing a policy of weekly joint iron supplement consumption.
Keywords: Anemia; Iron Supplement Tablets; Menstrual Cycle; Nutritional Status.
Pendahuluan: Anemia menjadi masalah kesehatan yang memiliki dampak besar pada remaja putri. Kelompok remaja putri merupakan kelompok rentan anemia karena sedang masa pertumbuhan pesat yang membutuhkan asupan gizi optimal. Pesantren tidak hanya sebagai tempat belajar tetapi juga sebagai tempat bermukin bagi santriwati memiliki tantangan agar dapat menjaga status gizi dan kesehatan santriwati. Faktor penyebab anemia yang sering terjadi adalah status gizi, konsumsi tablet tambah darah dan siklus menstruasi.
Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis peran status gizi, konsumsi tablet tambah darah, dan siklus menstruasi terhadap kejadian anemia remaja putri.
Metode: Penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan rancangan cross sectional, dilakukan pada bulan November 2025 di Pondok Pesantren Raudhatul Ulum di Kabupaten Ogan Ilir dengan jumlah sampel 75 santriwati. Sampel dipilih secara purposive sampling. Data diperoleh dengan melakukan pemeriksaan Hb, pengukuran berat badan dan tinggi badan, serta wawancara menggunakan kuesioner tentang konsumsi tablet tambah darah dan siklus menstruasi. Analisis yang digunakan adalah uji chi-square.
Hasil: Temuan pada penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 8.0% partisipan mengalami anemia. Hasil uji chi-square menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan status gizi (p-value = 0.049) dan siklus menstruasi (p-value = 0.017) dengan kejadian anemia. Sementara itu, tidak terdapat hubungan konsumsi tablet tambah darah dengan kejadian anemia (p-value = 0.626).
Simpulan: Status gizi dan siklus menstruasi memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan kejadian anemia, namun konsumsi tablet tambah darah tidak berkorelasi. Oleh karena itu, pentingnya melakukan peningkatan edukasi tentang gizi dan kesehatan reproduksi dengan melibatkan teman sebaya, guru, kepala asrama, dan keluarga.
Saran: Pihak pesantren dapat meningkatkan edukasi tentang gizi dan kesehatan reproduksi dengan penyuluhan melibatkan guru, keluarga, dan kepala asrama. Peningkatan kepatuhan konsumsi TTD juga diperlukan dengan membuat kebijakan minum TTD bersama setiap pekan.
Kata Kunci: Anemia; Status Gizi; Tablet tambah darah; Siklus Menstruasi.
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