Aspek gender dalam pola asupan gizi ibu hamil dan menyusui
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v19i11.2005
Gender Gizi Ibu Hamil Menyusui Pola Makan
Abstract
Background: Pregnancy and breastfeeding are among the most critical phases in a woman’s life cycle, during which nutritional needs increase significantly to support maternal health, fetal growth, and child development. One cultural factor contributing to nutritional problems among pregnant and breastfeeding women is gender inequality within households and society.
Purpose: To explore gender-related aspects in the dietary patterns of pregnant and breastfeeding women.
Method: This qualitative study employed a phenomenological design through in-depth interviews with eight informants, consisting of pregnant and breastfeeding women. Data analysis was conducted thematically to identify research themes.
Results: Three main themes emerged from the study, namely changes in dietary patterns during pregnancy and breastfeeding, the role of gender in household food decision-making, and the impact of eating patterns on maternal and infant health.
Conclusion: Gender inequality within the household has the potential to hinder optimal nutrition fulfillment for pregnant and breastfeeding women. Nutritional interventions should involve husbands and extended family members to ensure comprehensive support for maternal health.
Keywords: Breastfeeding; Diet; Gender; Nutrition; Pregnant Women.
Pendahuluan: Kehamilan dan menyusui merupakan suatu fase paling kritis pada siklus kehidupan seorang perempuan, sehingga kebutuhan terkait dengan gizi meningkat secara signifikan untuk menunjang kesehatan ibu, pertumbuhan janin, dan anak. Faktor budaya yang berkontribusi terhadap masalah gizi pada ibu hamil dan mneyusui salah satunya adalah adanya ketidaksetaraan gender dalam rumah tangga dan masyarakat.
Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui aspek gender dalam pola asupan gizi ibu hamil dan menyusui.
Metode: Penelitian kualitatif dengan desain fenomenologi melalui wawancara mendalam terhadap 8 informan, yang terdiri atas ibu hamil dan ibu menyusui. Analisis data yang dilakukan yaitu secara tematik untuk mengidentifikasi tema-tema hasil penelitian.
Hasil: Tiga tema temuan utama dalam penelitian ini, yaitu perubahan pola asupan gizi selama kehamilan dan menyusui, kaitan gender dalam penentuan makan rumah tangga, serta dampak pola makan terhadap kesehatan ibu dan bayi.
Simpulan: Ketidaksetaraan gender dalam rumah tangga berpotensi menghambat pemenuhan gizi optimal bagi ibu hamil dan menyusui. Intervensi gizi perlu melibatkan suami dan keluarga besar untuk memastikan dukungan menyeluruh terhadap kesehatan ibu.
Kata Kunci: Gender; Gizi; Ibu Hamil; Menyusui; Pola Makan.
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