Efektivitas kombinasi terapi musik dan aromaterapi terhadap penurunan tingkat kecemasan anak thalasemia selama transfusi darah
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v20i1.1978
Anak Aromaterapi Kecemasan Kombinasi Terapi Musik Thalasemia Transfusi Darah
Abstract
Background: Thalassemia is a chronic genetic disease that requires repeated blood transfusions throughout life. Transfusion procedures often cause anxiety in children due to the pain, invasiveness, and length of the transfusion. Untreated anxiety can affect a child's psychological well-being and reduce their quality of life. Non-pharmacological interventions such as music therapy and aromatherapy have been shown to have a relaxing effect.
Purpose: To determine the effect of non-pharmacological interventions such as music therapy and aromatherapy on anxiety levels in children with thalassemia during blood transfusions.
Method: This study used a quasi-experimental design with a pre-posttest approach. The study was conducted in the thalassemia ward of Dr. M. Yunus Regional General Hospital, Bengkulu, from June to July 2025. The sample consisted of 30 thalassemia children undergoing routine blood transfusions. Anxiety levels were measured using the STAIC questionnaire before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test.
Results: The mean anxiety score before the intervention was 29.33 (SD = 2.83) and after the intervention was 28.00 (SD = 3.61). The Wilcoxon test yielded a Z-value of -2.817 with a p-value of 0.005, indicating a significant difference in children's anxiety levels before and after the intervention.
Conclusion: Music therapy and aromatherapy effectively reduced anxiety in children with thalassemia during blood transfusions, although most remained in the moderate anxiety category. This intervention can be recommended as a complementary therapy to improve children's comfort during medical procedures.
Keywords: Aromatherapy; Anxiety; Blood Transfusion; Children; Combination; Music Therapy; Thalassemia.
Pendahuluan: Thalasemia merupakan penyakit genetik kronis yang membutuhkan transfusi darah berulang sepanjang hidup. Prosedur transfusi sering menimbulkan kecemasan pada anak akibat rasa nyeri, proses medis yang invasif, serta lamanya waktu transfusi. Kecemasan yang tidak diintervensi dapat berdampak pada kondisi psikologis anak dan menurunkan kualitas hidup. Intervensi non-farmakologis seperti terapi musik dan aromaterapi terbukti mampu memberikan efek relaksasi.
Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui pengaruh intervensi non-farmakologis terapi musik dan aromaterapi terhadap tingkat kecemasan anak dengan thalasemia saat menjalani transfusi darah.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain quasi-eksperimen dengan pendekatan pre–post test. Penelitian dilaksanakan di ruang thalassemia RSUD dr. M.Yunus Bengkulu pada bulan Juni-Juli 2025. Sampel berjumlah 30 anak thalasemia yang menjalani transfusi darah rutin. Tingkat kecemasan diukur menggunakan kuesioner STAIC sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Analisis data menggunakan uji Wilcoxon.
Hasil: Rerata kecemasan sebelum intervensi sebesar 29.33 (SD = 2.83) dan setelah intervensi sebesar 28.00 (SD = 3.61). Uji Wilcoxon menghasilkan nilai Z = -2.817 dengan nilai p = 0.005, menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan signifikan tingkat kecemasan anak sebelum dan sesudah intervensi.
Simpulan: Terapi musik dan aromaterapi efektif menurunkan kecemasan anak dengan thalasemia saat transfusi darah, meskipun sebagian besar masih berada pada kategori kecemasan sedang. Intervensi ini dapat direkomendasikan sebagai terapi komplementer untuk meningkatkan kenyamanan anak selama prosedur medis.
Kata Kunci: Anak; Aromaterapi; Kecemasan; Kombinasi; Terapi Musik; Thalasemia; Transfusi Darah.
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