Durasi operasi sebagai faktor risiko kejadian komplikasi pasca anestesi spinal
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v19i11.1874
Anestesi Spinal Durasi Operasi Hipotensi Komplikasi Pascaoperasi Post-Dural Puncture Headache (PDPH)
Abstract
Background: Spinal anesthesia is widely used for various types of surgery, but several postoperative complications, such as hypotension, shivering, PDPH, and back pain, still frequently occur. Various factors have been studied, but the influence of surgical duration on the occurrence of these complications remains unclear. Understanding this relationship is crucial for improving patient safety during the perioperative period and aiding clinical decision-making.
Purpose: To determine the relationship between the duration of surgery and the occurrence of post-operative complications in adult patients who received spinal anesthesia.
Method: This quantitative correlational study involved 89 adult patients undergoing single spinal anesthesia. Data were collected through direct observation from the operating room through the postoperative period. Surgical duration was categorized as short (<60 minutes), medium (60–120 minutes), and long (>120 minutes). The relationship between surgical duration and postoperative complications was analyzed using the Chi-Square test with a significance level of p < 0.05.
Results: Most patients underwent surgery of moderate duration (60–120 minutes). A significant association was found between surgical duration and several complications, namely hypotension (p = 0.023), shivering (p = 0.008), PDPH (p = 0.003), and back pain (p = 0.021). Of all complications, PDPH showed the strongest association with surgical duration (V = 0.360).
Conclusion: The longer the surgical duration, the higher the likelihood of several postoperative complications after spinal anesthesia, particularly hypotension, shivering, PDPH, and back pain. These findings emphasize the importance of close monitoring during surgery and implementing early preventive strategies, especially for long-term procedures, to improve patient safety.
Keywords: Duration of Surgery; Hypotension; Postoperative Complications; Post-Dural Puncture Headache (PDPH); Spinal Anesthesia.
Pendahuluan: Anestesi spinal banyak digunakan untuk berbagai jenis operasi, namun beberapa komplikasi pascaoperasi seperti hipotensi, menggigil, PDPH, dan nyeri punggung masih sering muncul. Berbagai faktor sudah diteliti, tetapi pengaruh lama operasi terhadap munculnya komplikasi tersebut masih belum jelas. Memahami hubungan ini penting untuk meningkatkan keselamatan pasien selama perioperasi dan membantu pengambilan keputusan klinis.
Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara lamanya operasi dengan terjadinya komplikasi pascaoperasi pada pasien dewasa yang mendapatkan anestesi spinal.
Metode: Penelitian kuantitatif korelasional ini melibatkan 89 pasien dewasa yang menjalani anestesi spinal tunggal. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi langsung mulai dari ruang operasi hingga periode pascaoperasi. Lama operasi dikelompokkan menjadi pendek (<60 menit), sedang (60–120 menit), dan panjang (>120 menit). Hubungan antara lama operasi dan komplikasi pascaoperasi dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi-Square dengan tingkat signifikansi p < 0.05.
Hasil: Sebagian besar pasien menjalani operasi dengan durasi sedang (60–120 menit). Ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara lama operasi dan beberapa komplikasi, yaitu hipotensi (p = 0.023), shivering (p = 0.008), PDPH (p = 0.003), dan nyeri punggung (p = 0.021). Dari seluruh komplikasi, PDPH menunjukkan hubungan paling kuat dengan lama operasi (V = 0.360).
Simpulan: Semakin lama durasi operasi, semakin tinggi kemungkinan munculnya beberapa komplikasi pascaoperasi setelah anestesi spinal, terutama hipotensi, menggigil, PDPH, dan nyeri punggung. Temuan ini menekankan pentingnya pemantauan ketat selama operasi dan penerapan strategi pencegahan dini terutama pada prosedur dengan durasi panjang untuk meningkatkan keselamatan pasien.
Kata Kunci: Anestesi Spinal; Durasi Operasi; Hipotensi; Komplikasi Pascaoperasi; Post-Dural Puncture Headache (PDPH).
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