Efektivitas terapi relaksasi otot progresif dalam menurunkan tingkat kecemasan pada penderita diabetes mellitus
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v19i10.1857
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Intervensi Keperawatan Kecemasan Relaksasi Otot Progresif
Abstract
Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease that not only impacts physical health but can also cause psychological disorders such as anxiety. Prolonged anxiety can worsen blood glucose control. One non-pharmacological therapy that can be used to reduce anxiety is progressive muscle relaxation therapy.
Purpose: To determine the effectiveness of progressive muscle relaxation therapy in reducing anxiety levels in people with diabetes mellitus.
Method: This study used a quasi-experimental design with a single-group pre-test and post-test. The sampling technique used purposive sampling, with 30 participants with diabetes mellitus in Purbayan village. Inclusion criteria included fasting blood sugar levels >126 mg/dl and blood sugar levels >140 mg/dl. Anxiety levels were measured using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS), with a validity test result of a Cronbach's Alpha value of 0.727. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test.
Results: Before therapy (pre-test), the majority of participants (76.7%) were spread across various anxiety categories, ranging from mild anxiety (30.0%), moderate anxiety (20.0%), severe anxiety (23.3%), to very severe anxiety (3.3%), with only 23.3% in the normal category. After the intervention (post-test), there was a decrease in the normal category and an increase to 83.3%. The calculated Z-score was -4.786 (>Z) and the p-value was 0.001 (<0.05); therefore, H0 was rejected.
Conclusion: Progressive muscle relaxation therapy can affect anxiety levels in diabetes patients. This can be seen from the percentage of pre-test and post-test scores and the significance value of 0.001 (p <0.05).
Suggestion: Future research is recommended to use a control group design to compare the effectiveness of the intervention more objectively.
Keywords: Anxiety; Diabetes Mellitus (DM); Nursing Intervention; Progressive Muscle Relaxation.
Pendahuluan: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) merupakan penyakit kronis yang tidak hanya berdampak pada kondisi fisik, tetapi juga dapat menimbulkan gangguan psikologis seperti kecemasan. Kecemasan yang berkepanjangan dapat memperburuk kontrol glukosa darah. Salah satu terapi nonfarmakologis yang dapat digunakan untuk menurunkan kecemasan adalah terapi relaksasi otot progresif.
Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui efektivitas terapi relaksasi otot progresif dalam menurunkan tingkat kecemasan pada penderita diabetes mellitus.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain quasi experiment dengan rancangan one group pre-test and post-test. Teknik sampling menggunakan purposive sampling, berjumlah 30 partisipan penderita Diabetes Mellitus di desa Purbayan. Kriteria inklusi meliputi kadar gula darah puasa >126 mg/dl dan gula darah >140 mg/dl. Tingkat kecemasan diukur menggunakan instrumen Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) dengan hasil uji validitas nilai Cronbach’s Alpha sebesar 0.727 dan analisis data menggunakan Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test.
Hasil: Sebelum terapi (pre-test), sebagian besar partisipan (76.7%) tersebar diberbagai kategori kecemasan, mulai dari cemas ringan (30.0%), cemas sedang (20.0%), cemas berat (23.3%) hingga sangat berat (3.3%), dan hanya 23.3% yang berada dalam kategori normal. Setelah intervensi (post-test), terjadi penurunan menjadi kategori normal meningkat menjadi 83.3%. Didapatkan nilai Z hitung adalah -4.786 (> Z) dan p-value diperoleh 0.001 (< 0.05), maka H0 ditolak.
Simpulan: Terapi relaksasi otot progresif dapat memengaruhi tingkat kecemasan penderita DM. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari persentase skor pretest dan posttest serta nilai signifikan 0.001 (p < 0.05).
Saran: Penelitian selanjutnya disarankan menggunakan desain dengan kelompok kontrol agar efektivitas intervensi dapat dibandingkan lebih objektif.
Kata Kunci: Diabetes Mellitus (DM); Intervensi Keperawatan; Kecemasan; Relaksasi Otot Progresif.
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