Hubungan kebiasaan merokok dalam keluarga dengan infeksi saluran pernapasan akut anak di bawah umur lima tahun
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v19i11.1840
Anak di Bawah Umur Lima Tahun Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut Kebiasaan Merokok
Abstract
Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in young children worldwide, particularly in developing countries. The main risk factors for ARI in young children include exposure to cigarette smoke, indoor air pollution from biomass use, poor nutritional status, and household overcrowding. Exposure to household cigarette smoke, also known as secondhand smoke, has been shown to increase the risk of lower respiratory tract infections, including bronchiolitis and bronchitis, in infants and toddlers. This relationship demonstrates a dose-response pattern, where the higher the number of cigarettes smoked in the household, the greater the risk of respiratory disease in children.
Purpose: To determine the relationship between family smoking habits and acute respiratory infections in children under five years of age.
Method: This study used a cross-sectional design to capture the relationship between family smoking habits and the incidence of ARI in toddlers. Data collection was conducted electronically using the Google Forms platform. The primary respondents were the fathers or mothers of toddlers, who were considered to have the most relevant knowledge regarding household conditions and the child's health history.
Results: All univariate variables of family smoking habits were significantly associated with the occurrence of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in toddlers. Each cigarette smoked per day increased the odds of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in toddlers by 17%.
Conclusion: There is a significant association between family smoking habits and the incidence of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in toddlers.
Keywords: Acute Respiratory Infection; Children Under Five Years of Age; Smoking Habits.
Pendahuluan: Infeksi saluran pernapasan akut (ISPA) merupakan salah satu penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas pada anak balita di seluruh dunia, khususnya di negara berkembang. Faktor risiko utama ISPA pada balita antara lain adalah paparan asap rokok, polusi udara dalam ruangan akibat penggunaan biomassa, status gizi yang buruk, serta kepadatan hunian rumah tangga. Paparan asap rokok di rumah tangga, atau yang dikenal sebagai secondhand smoke, telah terbukti meningkatkan risiko infeksi saluran pernapasan bawah, termasuk bronkiolitis dan bronkitis, pada bayi dan balita. Hubungan ini menunjukkan pola dosis respons, di mana semakin tinggi jumlah batang rokok yang dihisap dalam rumah tangga, semakin besar pula risiko penyakit pernapasan pada anak.
Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan kebiasaan merokok dalam keluarga dengan infeksi saluran pernapasan akut anak di bawah umur lima tahun.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional untuk memotret hubungan antara kebiasaan merokok dalam keluarga dan kejadian ISPA pada balita. Pengumpulan data dilakukan secara elektronik dengan menggunakan platform google forms. Responden utama adalah ayah atau ibu dari balita yang dianggap memiliki pengetahuan paling relevan mengenai kondisi rumah tangga dan riwayat kesehatan anak.
Hasil: Semua variabel kebiasaan merokok dalam keluarga secara univariat memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan terjadinya ISPA pada balita di keluarga. Setiap batang rokok sehari menambah odds ISPA pada balita dalam keluarga sebesar 17% lebih besar.
Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara kebiasaan merokok dalam keluarga dengan kejadian infeksi saluran pernapasan akut pada balita.
Kata Kunci: Anak di Bawah Umur Lima Tahun; Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut; Kebiasaan Merokok.
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