Analisis senyawa ekstrak rebung sebagai agen nutraceutical dan implikasi terhadap pertumbuhan sel colorectal cancer
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v20i1.1763
Antioksidan COX-2 Kanker Kolorektal Nutrasetikal Rebung (Bambusa Vulgaris)
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common and deadly cancers worldwide, ranking third in global incidence and second in cancer-related mortality. Conventional therapies such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy often cause severe systemic side effects and drug resistance; therefore, safer strategies are needed for prevention and supportive therapy.
Purpose: To identify bamboo shoot extract compounds as nutraceutical agents for colorectal cancer and its implications for colorectal cancer cell growth.
Method: An exploratory laboratory study was conducted at Universitas Brawijaya (March-July 2025). Fresh bamboo shoots were extracted using 70% ethanol. Phytochemical screening, total phenolic and flavonoid quantification (Folin-Ciocalteu and AlCl₃ assays), and antioxidant testing (DPPH method) were performed. UHPLC quantified gallic acid, quercetin, and vitamin C. In silico molecular docking (AutoDock Vina 1.2.0) assessed interactions between bioactive compounds and COX-2 and β-catenin.
Results: The extract contained flavonoids, phenolics, alkaloids, saponins, and phytosterols, with high phenolic (268.4 ± 5.2 mg GAE/100 g) and flavonoid (112.7 ± 3.9 mg QE/100 g) contents. Strong antioxidant activity was observed (IC₅₀ = 48.9 µg/mL), comparable to vitamin C. Molecular docking results showed strong interactions of quercetin and gallic acid with COX-2 (−8.1 kcal/mol) and β-catenin (−7.6 kcal/mol).
Conclusion: The extract of Bambusa vulgaris bamboo shoots possesses a rich phytochemical composition, strong antioxidant activity, and in silico evidence of COX-2 and β-catenin inhibition, supporting its potential as a chemopreventive agent against colorectal cancer.
Keywords: Antioxidant; Bambusa Vulgaris; Colorectal Cancer; COX-2; Nutraceutical.
Pendahuluan: Kanker kolorektal (CRC) merupakan salah satu jenis kanker yang paling umum dan mematikan di dunia, menempati peringkat ketiga dalam insidensi global dan kedua dalam angka kematian terkait kanker. Terapi konvensional seperti kemoterapi dan radioterapi sering menimbulkan efek samping sistemik yang berat serta resistansi obat, sehingga diperlukan strategi yang lebih aman untuk pencegahan dan terapi pendukung.
Tujuan: Untuk mengidentifikasi senyawa ekstrak rebung sebagai agen nutraceutical bagi kanker kolorektal dan implikasi terhadap pertumbuhan sel colorectal cancer.
Metode: Penelitian laboratorium eksploratif, dilakukan di Universitas Brawijaya pada Maret-Juli 2025. Rebung segar diekstraksi menggunakan etanol 70%. Dilakukan uji skrining fitokimia, penetapan kadar fenolik dan flavonoid total (metode Folin-Ciocalteu dan AlCl₃), serta uji aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode DPPH. Analisis UHPLC digunakan untuk mengukur kadar asam galat, kuersetin, dan vitamin C. Uji molecular docking (AutoDock Vina 1.2.0) dilakukan untuk menilai interaksi antara senyawa bioaktif dengan protein target COX-2 dan β-catenin.
Hasil: Ekstrak mengandung flavonoid, fenolik, alkaloid, saponin, dan fitosterol, dengan kadar fenolik (268.4 ± 5.2 mg GAE/100 g) dan flavonoid (112.7 ± 3.9 mg QE/100 g) yang tinggi. Aktivitas antioksidan kuat (IC₅₀ = 48.9 µg/mL) setara dengan vitamin C. Hasil molecular docking menunjukkan interaksi kuat kuersetin dan asam galat dengan COX-2 (−8.1 kcal/mol) dan β-catenin (−7.6 kcal/mol).
Simpulan: Ekstrak rebung (Bambusa vulgaris) memiliki komposisi fitokimia yang kaya, aktivitas antioksidan yang kuat, serta bukti in silico penghambatan COX-2 dan β-catenin, yang mendukung potensinya sebagai agen kemopreventif terhadap kanker kolorektal.
Kata Kunci: Antioksidan; COX-2; Kanker Kolorektal; Nutrasetikal; Rebung (Bambusa Vulgaris).
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