Analisis pengetahuan ibu hamil dan kepatuhan mengonsumsi tablet fe
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v19i10.1736
Anemia Ibu Hamil Kepatuhan Pengetahuan Tablet Fe
Abstract
Background: Anemia is one of the most common pregnancy complications worldwide, including in Indonesia. This condition increases the risk of low birth weight, postpartum hemorrhage, and even maternal and neonatal death. The Indonesian government recommends anemia prevention through supplementation with at least 90 iron (Fe) tablets during pregnancy. However, despite widespread distribution of iron tablets, compliance among pregnant women remains low. Pregnant women's knowledge about anemia and the benefits of iron supplements is believed to influence compliance.
Purpose: To analyze the relationship between pregnant women's knowledge about anemia and adherence to iron tablet consumption.
Method: This quantitative study used a correlational analytic design and a cross-sectional approach. A total of 60 pregnant women were selected using purposive sampling based on inclusion criteria. The instruments used included a 26-item knowledge questionnaire and the MMAS-8 adherence scale. Data were analyzed univariately and bivariately using Spearman's rank correlation test.
Results: Most respondents had a high level of knowledge (86.7%), but adherence was still low, with 50% categorized as poorly adherent. Statistical analysis showed a significant positive relationship between knowledge and adherence to iron tablet consumption (r = 0.414; p = 0.001).
Conclusion: Pregnant women's adherence to iron tablet consumption is not only determined by their level of knowledge but is also influenced by external factors, such as the quality of counseling from health workers, frequency of ANC visits, family support, and access to accurate information. Although most respondents were in a healthy reproductive age group and had good knowledge, adherence remained low, confirming that health behavior is the result of a multidimensional interaction between cognitive, psychosocial, and environmental aspects.
Suggestion: Future researchers could involve more locations, use more diverse methods such as direct observation or iron tablet distribution records, and incorporate psychosocial factors. From a policy perspective, multi-stakeholder collaboration between health workers, families, and communities is needed to narrow the gap between knowledge and behavior, thereby significantly reducing anemia rates among pregnant women.
Keywords: Adherence; Anemia; Iron Tablets; Knowledge; Pregnant Women.
Pendahuluan: Anemia merupakan salah satu komplikasi kehamilan paling umum terjadi di seluruh dunia, termasuk di Indonesia. Kondisi ini meningkatkan risiko bayi berat badan lahir rendah, perdarahan pasca persalinan, bahkan kematian ibu dan bayi baru lahir. Pemerintah Indonesia menganjurkan pencegahan anemia melalui suplemen minimal 90 tablet zat besi (Fe) selama kehamilan. Namun, meskipun penyebaran tablet telah meluas, tingkat kepatuhan konsumsi pada ibu hamil masih rendah. Pengetahuan ibu hamil mengenai anemia dan manfaat suplemen zat besi diyakini berpengaruh terhadap perilaku kepatuhan tersebut.
Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis hubungan antara pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang anemia dengan kepatuhan dalam mengonsumsi tablet.
Metode: Penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain analitik korelasional dan pemdekatan cross-sectional. Sebanyak 60 ibu hamil dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling berdasarkan kriteria inklusi. Instrumen yang digunakan meliputi kuesioner pengetahuan sebanyak 26 item soal dan skala kepatuhan MMAS-8. Data dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman Rank.
Hasil: Sebagian besar responden memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang tinggi (86,7%), namun Tingkat kepatuhan masih rendah dengan 50% dikategorikan kurang patuh. Analisis statistik menunjukkan adanya hubungan positif yang signifikan antara pengetahuan dengan kepatuhan konsumsi tablet Fe (r = 0,414; p = 0,001)
Simpulan: Kepatuhan ibu hamil dalam mengonsumsi tablet Fe tidak hanya ditentukan oleh tingkat pengetahuan, tetapi juga dipengaruhi oleh faktor eksternal, seperti kualitas konseling tenaga kesehatan, frekuensi kunjungan ANC, dukungan keluarga, serta akses terhadap informasi yang akurat. Meskipun sebagian besar responden berada pada kelompok usia reproduktif sehat dan memiliki pengetahuan yang baik, kepatuhan tetap rendah, sehingga mempertegas bahwa perilaku kesehatan merupakan hasil interaksi multidimensional antara aspek kognitif, psikososial, dan lingkungan.
Saran: Peneliti selanjutnya dapat melibatkan lebih banyak lokasi, menggunakan metode yang lebih bervariasi seperti observasi langsung atau catatan distribusi tablet Fe, serta memasukkan faktor psikososial. Dari sisi kebijakan, diperlukan kerja sama multipihak antara tenaga kesehatan, keluarga, dan masyarakat agar kesenjangan antara pengetahuan dan perilaku dapat diperkecil, sehingga angka anemia pada ibu hamil dapat ditekan secara signifikan.
Kata Kunci: Anemia; Ibu Hamil; Kepatuhan; Pengetahuan; Tablet Fe.
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