Integrasi pertolongan pertama dan aktivasi ambulans: Sebuah tinjauan literatur
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v19i8.1687
Aplikasi Seluler Layanan Medis Darurat Pertolongan Pertama
Abstract
Background: Rapid response to medical emergencies is a crucial factor in reducing patient mortality and morbidity. However, the ambulance calling system in Indonesia still faces various challenges, such as limited access to information, delayed responses, and lack of integration with emergency command centers.
Purpose: To review various studies related to the development of mobile/web-based applications for emergency medical services, and to identify research gaps and opportunities for further development.
Methods: A search was conducted using the PubMed and ScienceDirect databases, followed by a review and synthesis process using PRISMA. An initial 219 articles were found, of which 15 were included in the study.
Results: The application is capable of facilitating ambulance ordering, real-time location tracking, and accelerating emergency response. However, most studies are limited to technical function tests with small sample sizes and have not measured the application's effectiveness on clinical indicators.
Conclusion: Innovation in web-based and mobile emergency applications has significant potential to improve response speed, ambulance calling accuracy, and community empowerment in first aid. However, further research is still needed with a broader scope, strong quantitative methods such as quasi-experiments or RCTs, as well as multi-dimensional evaluations involving technical, clinical, and user experience aspects.
Keywords: Emergency Medical Services; First Aid; Mobile Application.
Pendahuluan: Respon cepat terhadap keadaan gawat darurat medis menjadi faktor penting dalam menurunkan mortalitas dan morbiditas pasien. Namun, sistem pemanggilan ambulans di Indonesia masih menghadapi berbagai kendala, seperti keterbatasan akses informasi, keterlambatan respon, dan kurangnya integrasi dengan pusat komando darurat.
Tujuan: Untuk meninjau berbagai penelitian terkait integrasi pertolongan pertama dan aktivasi ambulans.
Metode: pencarian artikel dilakukan database PubMed dan ScienceDirect kemudian proses review dan sintesis dilakukan menggunakan PRISMA. Artikel awal yang ditemukan adalah 219, kemudian 15 artikel disertakan dalam penelitian.
Hasil: Menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi mampu memfasilitasi pemesanan ambulans, pelacakan lokasi real-time, dan percepatan respon darurat. Namun, sebagian besar studi masih terbatas pada uji fungsi teknis dengan sampel kecil, belum mengukur efektivitas aplikasi pada indikator klinis.
Simpulan: Inovasi aplikasi darurat berbasis web maupun mobile memiliki potensi besar dalam meningkatkan kecepatan respon, akurasi pemanggilan ambulans, dan pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam pertolongan pertama. Namun, masih diperlukan penelitian lanjutan dengan cakupan yang lebih luas, metode kuantitatif yang kuat misalnya quasi-experiment atau RCT, serta evaluasi multi-dimensi yang melibatkan aspek teknis, klinis, dan pengalaman pengguna.
Kata Kunci: Aplikasi Seluler; Layanan Medis Darurat; Pertolongan Pertama.
Downloads
References
Adi, G. S., & Karimah, R. A. (2020). “Ambu-Line”: Ambulance Online Terpadu. Inovasi Pelayanaan Kesehatan Untuk Mengurangi Risiko Mortalitas Akibat Keterlambatan Respon. Journal of Advanced Nursing and Health Sciences, 53-57.
Al-Khafajiy, M., Kolivand, H., Baker, T., Tully, D., & Waraich, A. (2019). Smart hospital emergency system: Via mobile-based requesting services. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 78(14), 20087-20111.
Astika, I. K., Sanjana, I. W. E., & Widyandari, N. M. A. S (2023). Korelasi Karakteristik Dengan Pengetahuan Perawat Mengenai Australian Triage Scale.
Badkur, M., Kharkongor, M., Sharma, N., Singh, S., Khera, P., Puranik, A., & Rodha, M. S. (2024). Factors influencing treatment delays in trauma patients: a three-delay model approach. Journal of Emergencies, Trauma, and Shock, 17(3), 172-177.
Birkun, A. A. (2024). Twenty Years of International Research on First Aid: A Bibliometric Visualization of Scientific Outputs. Health security, 22(5), 363-372.
Bogdan, I. V., Gurylina, M. V., & Chistyakova, D. P. (2020). Knowledge and practical experience of the population in providing first aid. Health Сare of the Russian Federation, 64(5), 253-257.
Bohnstedt-Pedersen, N. H., Linderoth, G., Helios, B., Christensen, H. C., Thomsen, B. K., Bekker, L., & Gehrt, T. B. (2024). Medical dispatchers’ experience with live video during emergency calls: a national questionnaire study. BMC Health Services Research, 24(1), 1442.
Chen, J., Bellomo, R., Flabouris, A., Hillman, K., Assareh, H., & Ou, L. (2015). Delayed emergency team calls and associated hospital mortality: a multicenter study. Critical Care Medicine, 43(10), 2059-2065.
Crilly, N. (2015). Fixation and creativity in concept development: The attitudes and practices of expert designers. Design studies, 38, 54-91.
de Santana, R. C. B., Oliveira, M. M. C., de Souza, A. S. C., Fonseca, D. S., Whitaker, M. C. O., de Sousa Magalhães, B. M. B., & Rodrigues, V. M. C. P. (2025). Validation and usability assessment of a mobile application on first aid for children for professionals in basic education. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 14(1), 112.
Fahmi, M. F., Suakanto, S., Perdana, I., & Nuryatno, E. T. (2024, December). Smart Ambulance: Mobile Solutions for Emergency Booking and Real-Time Tracking. In 2024 International Conference on Intelligent Cybernetics Technology & Applications (ICICyTA) (pp. 141-146). IEEE.
Ferrucci, F., Jorio, M., Marci, S., Bezenchek, A., Diella, G., Nulli, C., & Castelli-Gattinara, G. (2021). A web-based application for complex health care populations: user-centered design approach. JMIR human factors, 8(1), e18587.
Firdaus, R., Syeira, K., & Wijaya, N. (2025). Transformasi Digital Sistem Informasi Kesehatan Menuju Layanan Kesehatan Yang Terkoneksi Dan Berpusat Pada Pasien. Economics and Digital Business Review, 6(2), 1045-1055.
Gabella, J. L., Gualda, I. A. P., Altoé, I. L., Beltrame, M. H. A., da Silva, P. H. A., Costa, D. B., & de Andrade, L. (2024). Designing, development and validation of an app to reduce the response time of the emergency medical services. PloS one, 19(3), e0299828.
Griswold, D., & Rubiano, A. M. (2022). Role of mHealth applications for emergency medical system activation in reducing mortality in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review protocol. BMJ open, 12(2), e051792.
Gunawan, G., Sela, E. I., & Utami, W. S. (2024). Developing Android Based Ambulance Emergency Application in Sleman Region. International Journal of Engineering Technology and Natural Sciences, 6(1), 17-29.
Hadi, M. N. (2024). Perancangan Sistem Layanan Ambulans Berbasis Website di Kota Pekanbaru (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Awal Bros).
Hernandez, N., Zagales, R., Awan, M. U., Kumar, S., Cruz, F., Evans, K., & Elkbuli, A. (2024). Factors contributing to disparities in trauma care between urban vs rural trauma centers: Towards improving trauma care access and quality of care delivery. Injury, 55(12), 112017.
Hooper, C., Ranse, J., & Hutton, A. (2019). How is ambulance patient care and response time data collected and reported in Malaysia and Indonesia?. Australasian Journal of Paramedicine, 16, 1-8.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2018). Laporan Riskesdas 2018 Nasional. Diakses dari: https://repository.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/id/eprint/3514/1/Laporan Riskesdas 2018 Nasional.pdf.
Kuo, L., Kuo, M. R., Chang, W. T., Liao, F. C., Sung, K. T., Tang, W. H., & Hung, C. L. (2025). 2025 THRS Expert Consensus of Imaging Assessment in Atrial Fibrillation. Developed by the Task Force of the Taiwan Heart Rhythm Society (THRS) Imaging Committee. Endorsed by the Taiwan Society of Cardiology (TSOC). Acta Cardiologica Sinica, 41(4), 446.
Li, C., Wang, J., Wang, S., & Zhang, Y. (2024). A review of IoT applications in healthcare. Neurocomputing, 565, 127017.
Linderoth, G., Rosenkrantz, O., Lippert, F., Østergaard, D., Ersbøll, A. K., Meyhoff, C. S., & Christensen, H. C. (2021). Live video from bystanders’ smartphones to improve cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation, 168, 35-43.
Lukas Saputro, A. D. (2023). Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Android Pemanggilan Ambulan Desa Sidoasri (Doctoral dissertation, ITN MALANG).
Mitropoulos, S., Mitsis, C., Valacheas, P., & Douligeris, C. (2025). An online emergency medical management information system using mobile computing. Applied Computing and Informatics, 21(1/2), 65-77.
Montano, I. H., de la Torre Díez, I., López-Izquierdo, R., Villamor, M. A. C., & Martín-Rodríguez, F. (2021). Mobile triage applications: a systematic review in literature and play store. Journal of Medical Systems, 45(9), 86.
O’Hara, N. N., Isaac, M., Slobogean, G. P., & Klazinga, N. S. (2020). The socioeconomic impact of orthopaedic trauma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS one, 15(1), e0227907.
Pratama, S. Y., & Zaky, U. (2025). Analisis Pengembangan Aplikasi Darurat Berbasis Mobile Web dengan Pendekatan Next. js Technology: Analysis of Mobile Web-based Emergency Application Development with Next. js Technology Approach. MALCOM: Indonesian Journal of Machine Learning and Computer Science, 5(1), 207-215.
Rahayu, P. S. (2020). Aplikasi Pemesanan Ambulan Berbasis Web (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Mercu Buana).
Ranjbar Hameghavandi, M. H., Khodadoust, E., Hassan Zadeh Tabatabaei, M. S., Farahbakhsh, F., Ghodsi, Z., Rostamkhani, S., & Rahimi-Movaghar, V. (2024). Challenges in traumatic spinal cord injury care in developing countries–a scoping review. Frontiers in public health, 12, 1377513.
Sanjana, I. W., Agustini, N. L. P. I. B., Wahyunadi, N. M. D., Putra, I. N. A. M., Megayanti, S. D., Widyandari, N. M. A. S., & Damayanti, I. A. M. (2024). Using Nonpharmacological Treatments in the Emergency Department to Treat Pain Complaints: A Literature Review. Adi Husada Nursing Journal, 10(1), 37-47.
Sanjana, I. W. E., Kamaryati, N. P., Sagitha, I. G. E., Sari, N. M. C. C., & Sutini, N. K. (2023). Frequency of Prehospital Ambulance Utilization by Patients with Chronic Disease: A Retrospective Study. Babali Nursing Research, 4(3), 299-310.
Sanjana, I. W. E., Wihastuti, T. A., & Muslihah, N. (2021). The Ambulance Location Can Influence Emergency Medical Service Response Time: A Literature Review. Research Journal of Life Science, 8(3), 166-172.
Simamora, R. D. P., Sudarma, M. S., & Suyadnya, I. M. A. (2020). Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Ambulance Online Berbasis Android. SINTECH (Science and Information Technology) Journal, 3(2), 118-129.
Su, J. S., Mearkle, B. G., & Quinn, E. (2023). EMS System Regionalization. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing.
Suleman, I., & Mustaki, M. F. (2025). Design Aplikasi Emergency: Gorontalo Emergency Sistem PSC JID Sebagai Upaya Tanggap Tindakan Kegawatdaruratan Berbasis Lokasi Di Gorontalo. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Farmasi: Pharmacare Society, 4(1), 23-33.
Tambunan, J. R., & Tambunan, K. (2020). Rancang bangun aplikasi emergency call ambulance dengan menggunakan Agile methods. JURNAL WIDYA, 1(1), 43-48.
van Mark, A., Hallstein, T., Holzgreve, F., Groneberg, D. A., & Ohlendorf, D. (2024). How do different navigation systems affect emergency response time? A prospective simulation study. BMJ open, 14(7), e079094.
Wolrd Health Organization. (2016) Emergency Care Systems Framework. Diakses dari: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/who-emergency-care-system-framework
Yudhanto, Y., Suryoputro, A., & Budiyanti, R. T. (2021). Analisis pelaksanaan program SPGDT di Indonesia. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 20(1), 31-40.
Zaky, A., Suryandartiwi, W., Hendriani, S., Tonis, M., & Nurhadi, M. (2025). Utilization of Ambulance Service Booking Applications As A Means Of Health Transportation For The Community In Pekanbaru City. Jurnal Pengabdian Teknologi Tepat Guna, 6(1), 59-69.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Holistik Jurnal Kesehatan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
