Pengembangan e-booklet petani tanggap gigitan hewan berbisa (Tangkas) dalam meningkatkan keselamatan kesehatan kerja petani pedesaan
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v19i9.1678
E-booklet Keselamatan Kesehatan Kerja Pedesaan Petani Tanggap Gigitan Hewan Berbisa (Tangkas)
Abstract
Background: Venomous snakebite is a high-priority neglected tropical disease, particularly affecting rural communities. Venomous snakebites cause approximately 500,000 permanent disabilities annually worldwide. Venomous animal bites primarily affect agricultural workers in rural areas due to the high risk of being bitten by a venomous animal. Several cases of venomous snakebite victims have been reported, most often identified as cobras. Farmers lack access to optimal information on first aid for venomous animal bites. This poses a threat to the health and occupational safety of rural farmers if bitten by a venomous animal.
Purpose: To develop an e-booklet on Venomous Animal Bites for farmers to improve the health and occupational safety of rural farmers.
Method: The research and development (RnD) design consisted of four steps: a descriptive exploratory survey to disseminate farmers' knowledge and attitudes regarding first aid for venomous animal bites; development of health education media through Focus Group Discussions (FGDs); expert consultation; and feasibility testing of the e-booklet. The population in this study was residents of Marmoyo Village, Kabuh District, Jombang Regency. The inclusion criteria for the sample were farmers and the ability to operate a smartphone.
Results: Most respondents (290) (74.9%) occasionally saw snakes, 372 (96.1%) had never encountered a snake, and 287 (74.2%) did not know first aid. Most respondents (234) (60.6%) had moderate knowledge, and 343 (88.9%) had negative attitudes. The analysis showed a significant relationship between knowledge (p = 0.248) and attitude (p = 0.001) regarding snakebite management. The better the knowledge and attitude, the more appropriate the actions taken in snakebite management.
Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between knowledge and attitude regarding snakebite management. Empowering farmers with skills in providing first aid for animal bites through digital education, including e-booklets, integrating snakebite management into public health initiatives, and involving the local community.
Suggestion: Health students should be actively involved in designing and implementing health education on snakebite prevention for patients, families, and the community.
Keywords: E-book; Farmers; Occupational Health and Safety; Rural Areas; Venomous Animal Bite Response.
Pendahuluan: Gigitan ular berbisa merupakan penyakit tropis terabaikan yang menjadi prioritas tinggi, sebagian besar menyerang masyarakat pedesaan. Gigitan ular berbisa menyebabkan sekitar 500,000 kecatatan permanen di setiap tahunnya di seluruh dunia. Gigitan hewan berbisa sebagian besar memengaruhi pekerjaan pertanian di daerah pedesaan karena meraka memiliki risiko tinggi terkena gigitan hewan berbisa. Terdapat beberapa kasus korban gigitan ular berbisa, lebih banyak teridentifikasi sebagai ular kobra. Petani belum memiliki akses informasi yang optimal tentang pertolongan pertama gigitan hewan berbisa. Hal ini menjadi ancaman terhadap keselamatan kesehatan kerja petani pedesaan jika tergigit hewan berbisa.
Tujuan: Untuk pengembangan e-booklet petani tanggap gigitan hewan berbisa (Tangkas) dalam meningkatkan keselamatan kesehatan kerja petani pedesaan.
Metode: Desain penelitian Research and Development (RnD), terbagi menjadi 4 langkah, yaitu survei deskriptif eksplorasi untuk mengevaluasi tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap petani terhadap pertolongan pertama gigitan hewan berbisa; pengembangan media pendidikan kesehatan melalui Focus Group Discussion (FGD); konsul pakar; dan uji kelayakan e-booklet. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah warga Desa Marmoyo, Kecamatan Kabuh, Kabupaten Jombang dengan kriteria inklusi sampel yaitu seorang petani dan dapat mengoperasikan smartphone.
Hasil: Sebagian besar responden kadang-kadang melihat ular sebanyak 290 responden (74.9%), sebanyak 372 responden (96.1%) tidak pernah digigit ular, dan sebanyak 287 responden tidak mengetahui pertolongan pertama (74.2%). Tingkat pengetahuan responden mayoritas pada kategori sedang sebanyak 234 (60.6%) dan memiliki sikap yang negatif sebanyak 343 (88.9%). Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat hubungan signifikan antara pengetahuan (p = 0.248) dan sikap (p = 0.001) terhadap penanganan gigitan ular. Semakin baik pengetahuan dan sikap, semakin tepat pula tindakan yang dilakukan dalam menangani gigitan ular.
Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara pengetahuan dan sikap terhadap penanganan gigitan ular. Pemberdayaan petani dengan keterampilan dalam mengelola pertolongan pertama gigitan hewan melalui edukasi digital, termasuk e-booklet mengintegrasikan manajemen gigitan ular ke dalam inisiatif kesehatan masyarakat dan melibatkan masyarakat setempat.
Saran: Mahasiswa kesehatan harus terlibat aktif dalam merancang dan mengimplementasikan pendidikan kesehatan tentang pencegahan gigitan ular bagi pasien, keluarga dan masyarakat.
Kata Kunci: E-booklet; Keselamatan Kesehatan Kerja; Pedesaan; Petani; Tanggap Gigitan Hewan Berbisa (Tangkas).
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