Faktor risiko kejadian hepatitis B
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v19i9.1633
Faktor Risiko Hepatitis B Perilaku Masyarakat Transmisi Vaksinasi
Abstract
Background: Hepatitis B is an infectious disease that has a significant impact on public health, especially in areas with low vaccination coverage and limited knowledge. Transmission can occur through blood, body fluids, and vertically from mother to child.
Purpose: To analyze risk factors associated with hepatitis B incidence.
Method: A case-control study design with a sample size of 170 respondents (85 cases and 85 controls) using purposive sampling technique was conducted in North Aceh Regency. Data were collected through a questionnaire and analyzed using the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression.
Results: There was no significant association between knowledge and hepatitis B incidence (p=0.071). However, there were significant associations between transmission through blood and body fluids (p=0.000), transmission through childbirth (p=0.000), community behavior and habits (p=0.001), hepatitis B vaccination (p=0.005), and the social environment (p=0.000). The most dominant factor was transmission through childbirth (OR=4.61). Conclusion: Transmission through childbirth, blood and body fluids, and community behavior are the main risk factors for hepatitis B. Preventive interventions should focus on education and increasing vaccination coverage.
Keywords: Community Behavior; Hepatitis B; Risk Factors; Transmission; Vaccination.
Pendahuluan: Hepatitis B merupakan salah satu penyakit menular yang berdampak besar terhadap kesehatan masyarakat, terutama di wilayah dengan cakupan vaksinasi rendah dan pengetahuan yang terbatas. Penularan dapat terjadi melalui darah, cairan tubuh, serta secara vertikal dari ibu ke anak.
Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian hepatitis B.
Metode: Desain penelitian case-control dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 170 responden (85 kasus dan 85 kontrol) menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dilakukan di Kabupaten Aceh Utara. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner dan dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square dan regresi logistik berganda.
Hasil: Tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan antara pengetahuan dengan kejadian hepatitis B (p=0.071). Namun, terdapat hubungan signifikan antara transmisi darah dan cairan tubuh (p=0.000), penularan dari persalinan (p=0.000), perilaku dan kebiasaan masyarakat (p=0.001), vaksinasi hepatitis B (p=0.005), dan lingkungan sosial (p=0.000). Faktor paling dominan adalah penularan dari persalinan (OR=4.61).
Simpulan: Penularan dari persalinan, transmisi darah dan cairan tubuh, serta perilaku masyarakat merupakan faktor risiko utama kejadian hepatitis B. Intervensi pencegahan perlu difokuskan pada edukasi dan peningkatan cakupan vaksinasi.
Kata Kunci: Faktor Risiko; Hepatitis B; Perilaku Masyarakat; Transmisi; Vaksinasi.
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