Keterkaitan ASI eksklusif dan vaksinasi terhadap kejadian infeksi saluran pernapasan akut pada balita usia 12-48 bulan
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v19i10.1624
ASI Eksklusif Balita Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) Menyusui Vaksinasi
Abstract
Background: Breast milk contains compounds that strengthen and stimulate the immune system. Previous research has shown a correlation between exclusive breastfeeding, complete immunization, and the incidence of acute respiratory infections in children.
Purpose: To analyze the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and immunization on the incidence of acute respiratory infections in toddlers aged 12-48 months.
Method: This quantitative study used a cross-sectional approach with a sample of 40 infants who met the inclusion criteria. Univariate and bivariate data were analyzed using the chi-square test.
Results: The analysis showed a p-value of 0.540 (α<0.05) between exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of ARI, and a p-value of 0.006 (α<0.05) between complete immunization and the incidence of acute respiratory infections.
Conclusion: There was no statistically significant relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of acute respiratory infections. However, a significant relationship was found between the level of complete immunization and the incidence of acute respiratory infections.
Suggestion: Future research should use a larger sample size to increase the power of the study and expand the study by including other risk factors to more accurately determine their influence.
Keywords: Acute Respiratory Tract Infection; Breastfeeding; Exclusive breastfeeding; Toddlers; Vaccination.
Pendahuluan: Air susu ibu (ASI) mengandung komposisi yang memperkuat dan merangsang sistem kekebalan tubuh. Penelitian sebelumnya telah menunjukkan adanya korelasi antara pemberian ASI eksklusif, vaksinasi lengkap, dan kejadian infeksi saluran pernapasan akut (ISPA) pada anak.
Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis keterkaitan ASI eksklusif dan vaksinasi terhadap kejadian infeksi saluran pernapasan akut pada balita usia 12-48 bulan.
Metode: Penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional menggunakan sampel sebanyak 40 bayi yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Analisis data univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square.
Hasil: Analisis menunjukan nilai p=0.540 (α<0.05) antara variabel pembeian ASI eksklusif dengan kejadian ISPA, dan nilai p=0.006 (α<0.05) antara variabel kelengkapan vaksinasi dengan kejadian ISPA.
Simpulan: Tidak adanya hubungan yang signifikan secara statistik antara pemberian ASI eksklusif dengan kejadian ISPA. Namun, ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat kelengkapan vaksinasi dengan kejadian ISPA.
Saran: Penelitian selanjutnya dapat menggunakan ukuran sampel yang lebih besar untuk meningkatkan kekuatan studi dan memperluas penelitian dengan memasukkan faktor risiko lain untuk menentukan pengaruhnya secara lebih akurat.
Kata Kunci: ASI Eksklusif; Balita; Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA); Menyusui; Vaksinasi.
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