Pengaruh program pelatihan keperawatan terhadap penurunan kejadian ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP), peningkatan pengetahuan, praktik, dan kepatuhan perawat: Sebuah tinjauan sistematis
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v19i10.1623
Kepatuhan Pengetahuan Praktik Program Pelatihan Keperawatan Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP)
Abstract
Background: Patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and on ventilators for more than 48 hours are highly susceptible to Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP), a common clinical complication. A study showed that training critical care nurses in implementing a VAP prevention package effectively reduced the incidence of VAP.
Purpose: To identify the effect of a critical care training program on the incidence of VAP and improve nurses' knowledge, practice, and adherence.
Method: The literature review included a comprehensive search of academic databases for relevant studies, including PubMed, Scopus, Wiley Online Library, MJSonline, and Google Scholar. A quasi-experimental study of intensive care nurses providing care to patients on mechanical ventilators published between 2015 and 2024 was conducted.
Results: Ten reviewed research articles demonstrated that a nurse training program can reduce the incidence of VAP and improve nurses' knowledge, practice, and adherence to VAP prevention protocols.
Conclusion: The nurse training program reduced the incidence of VAP and improved nurses' knowledge, practice, and adherence in the intensive care unit.
Suggestion: Future research should expand access to the literature, implement purposive sampling, and optimize resources to generate deeper insights and improve VAP prevention strategies in the ICU.
Keywords: Adherence; Knowledge; Nursing Training Program; Practice; Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP).
Pendahuluan: Pasien yang dirawat di Intensive Care Unit (ICU) dan menggunakan ventilator selama lebih dari 48 jam sangat rentan mengalami Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP), sebuah komplikasi klinis yang cukup umum. Sebuah studi menunjukkan bahwa, pelatihan perawat perawatan kritis dalam penerapan paket pencegahan VAP secara efektif mengurangi insiden VAP .
Tujuan: Untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh program pelatihan keperawatan terhadap kejadian VAP, peningkatan pengetahuan, praktik, dan kepatuhan perawat.
Metode: Tinjauan pustaka yang melibatkan penelusuran basis data akademik daring untuk mendapatkan studi-studi relevan, termasuk PubMed, Scopus, Wiley Online Library, MJSonline, dan Google Scholar. Studi kuasi-eksperimental tentang perawat perawatan intensif yang memberikan layanan kepada pasien menggunakan ventilator mekanik yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2015 dan 2024.
Hasil: Sebanyak 10 artikel penelitian yang ditinjau menunjukkan bahwa, program pelatihan perawat dapat mengurangi kejadian VAP dan meningkatkan pengetahuan, praktik, dan kepatuhan perawat terhadap protokol pencegahan VAP.
Simpulan: Program pelatihan perawat mengurangi kejadian VAP dan meningkatkan pengetahuan, praktik serta kepatuhan perawat di unit perawatan intensif.
Saran: Penelitian selanjutnya harus memperluas akses literatur, menerapkan seleksi objektif, dan mengoptimalkan sumber daya untuk menghasilkan wawasan yang lebih dalam dan meningkatkan strategi pencegahan VAP di ICU.
Kata Kunci: Kepatuhan; Pengetahuan; Praktik; Program Pelatihan Keperawatan; Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP).
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