Dampak climate crisis terhadap pola penyakit ibu hamil dan maternal mortality
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v19i9.1571
Climate Crisis Maternal Mortality Penyakit Ibu Hamil
Abstract
Background: Climate change directly impacts maternal health, increasing the risk of pregnancy complications, delayed antenatal care (ANC) visits, and maternal mortality.
Purpose: To analyze the impact of the climate crisis on maternal disease patterns and maternal mortality.
Method: An observational analytic study with a case-control design was conducted on 364 pregnant women at the Baitussalam and Blang Bintang Community Health Centers in Aceh Besar. The sample was selected purposive sampling, consisting of case groups (mothers with complications) and controls. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire (CVI by three experts, Cronbach's Alpha ≥0.7) and medical records. Analysis used Chi-square and multiple logistic regression.
Results: Exposure to extreme temperatures (OR=2.27; p=0.010), air pollution (OR=1.91; p=0.036), and weather changes (OR=2.85; p=0.006) were significantly associated with pregnancy complications, while counseling played a protective role (OR=0.49; p=0.010). Cancelling antenatal care due to extreme weather increases the risk of complications (OR=3.16; p=0.001).
Conclusion: Environmental factors related to the climate crisis impact maternal health, necessitating mitigation strategies such as education, increasing access to antenatal care, and strengthening health system capacity to reduce the risk of maternal complications.
Keywords: Climate Crisis; Maternal Diseases; Maternal Mortality.
Pendahuluan: Perubahan iklim berdampak langsung pada kesehatan maternal, meningkatkan risiko komplikasi kehamilan, keterlambatan kunjungan antenatal care (ANC), dan mortalitas ibu.
Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis dampak climate crisis terhadap pola penyakit ibu hamil dan maternal mortality.
Metode: Studi observasional analitik dengan desain kasus-kontrol dilakukan pada 364 ibu hamil di Puskesmas Baitussalam dan Blang Bintang, Aceh Besar. Sampel dipilih secara purposive sampling, terdiri dari kelompok kasus (ibu dengan komplikasi) dan kontrol. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner tervalidasi (CVI oleh tiga ahli, Cronbach’s Alpha ≥0.7) dan rekam medis. Analisis menggunakan Chi-Square dan regresi logistik berganda.
Hasil: Paparan suhu ekstrem (OR=2.27; p=0010), polusi udara (OR=1.91; p=0.036), dan perubahan cuaca (OR=2.85; p=0.006) berhubungan signifikan dengan komplikasi kehamilan, sedangkan penyuluhan berperan protektif (OR=0.49; p=0.010). Batal ANC karena cuaca ekstrem meningkatkan risiko komplikasi (OR=3.16; p=0.001).
Simpulan: Faktor lingkungan terkait krisis iklim memengaruhi kesehatan ibu hamil, sehingga diperlukan strategi mitigasi seperti penyuluhan, peningkatan akses ANC, dan penguatan kapasitas sistem kesehatan untuk mengurangi risiko komplikasi maternal.
Kata Kunci: Climate Crisis; Maternal Mortality; Penyakit Ibu Hamil.
Downloads
References
Aguilera, J., Konvinse, K., Lee, A., Maecker, H., Prunicki, M., Mahalingaiah, S., Sampath, V., Utz, P. J., Yang, E., & Nadeau, K. C. (2023). Air Pollution and Pregnancy. Seminars in Perinatology, 47(8), 151838. WB Saunders.
Amekpor, F., Sakariyau, W., Kengo, N. E., Sandra, N. A., Agyapong, J., Dauda, Z., Kwarteng, S., Adedokun, D. A., & Darko, G. (2025). Integrating Maternal and Child Health Into Climate Change: A Holistic Approach. Public Health Reviews, 45.
Anjum, G., & Aziz, M. (2025). Climate Change and Gendered Vulnerability: A Systematic Review of Women’s Health. Women’s Health, 21.
Atkin, K., Christopulos, G., Turk, R., Bernhardt, J. M., & Simmonds, K. (2024). Educating Pregnant Women About the Dangers of Extreme Heat and Air Pollution. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing, 53(4), 438–446.
Bao, L., Liu, Y., Zhang, Y., Qian, Q., Wang, Y., Li, W., & Yu, Y. (2025). Association Analysis of Maternal Exposure to Air Pollution during Pregnancy and Offspring Asthma Incidence. Reproductive Health, 22(1), 29.
Brink, N., Mansoor, K., Swiers, J., Lakhoo, D. P., Parker, C., Nakstad, B., Sawry, S., Aunan, K., Otto, I. M., & Chersich, M. F. (2024). Scoping Review of Climate Change Adaptation Interventions for Health: Implications for Policy and Practice. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 21(12), 1565.
Calle-Martínez, A., Ruiz-Páez, R., Gómez-González, L., Egea-Ferrer, A., López-Bueno, J. A., Díaz, J., Asensio, C., Navas, M. A., & Linares, C. (2023). Short-Term Effects of Tropospheric Ozone and Other Environmental Factors on Emergency Admissions due to Pregnancy Complications: A Time-Series Analysis in the Madrid Region. Environmental Research, 231, 116206.
Conway, F., Portela, A., Filippi, V., Chou, D., & Kovats, S. (2024). Climate Change, Air Pollution and Maternal and Newborn Health: An Overview of Reviews of Health Outcomes. Journal of Global Health, 14, 04128.
Dumbuya, S., Chabinga, R., Ferede, M. A., & Saber, M. (2024). Climate Change Impacts on Maternal Health and Pregnancy Outcomes in Africa. Journal of Water and Health, 22(11), 2113–2131.
Fajarina, M., Terathongkum, S., & Lininger, J. (2024). Factors Influencing Late Antenatal Care of Muslim Pregnant Women: A Predictive Correlational Study in Aceh, Indonesia. Belitung Nursing Journal, 10(3), 360–367.
Fan, W., & Zlatnik, M. G. (2023). Climate Change and Pregnancy: Risks, Mitigation, Adaptation, and Resilience. Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey, 78(4), 223–236.
Ha, S. (2022). The Changing Climate and Pregnancy Health. Current Environmental Health Reports, 9(2), 263–275.
Joshi, D. C., Negi, P., Devi, S., Lohani, H., Kumar, R., Gupta, M., & Ming, L. C. (2025). Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5, PM10): A Silent Catalyst for Chronic Lung Diseases in India; a Comprehensive Review. Environmental Challenges, 20, 101215.
Kaya, L., Keles, E., Baydili, K. N., Kaya, Z., & Kumru, P. (2025). Impact of Climate Change Education on Pregnant Women’s Anxiety and Awareness. Public Health Nursing, 42(1), 54–60.
Khirfan, R., Kotb, H., Atiyeh, H., AlHasan, N., & Hassan, A. (2025). The Impact of Environmental Exposures on Pregnancy Outcomes. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 427–435.
Marudo, C. P., Mohan, V., Paidas, M. J., Toledo, P., Fu, E. S., Santos, H. P., Shepherd, J. M., McHugh, E. G., Fletcher, M. M., & Shultz, J. M. (2025). Expert Review: Confronting Climate-Driven Heat Risks to Maternal and Fetal Health. Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey, 80(3), 174–185.
Pérez‐Escamilla, R., & Moran, V. H. (2022). Maternal and Child Nutrition Must be at the Heart of the Climate Change Agendas. Maternal & Child Nutrition, 19(1), e13444.
Phadke, M. A., Menon, P., Nair, R., & Ray, S. (2025). Effects of Climate Change, Maternal and Child Health Nutrition. Journal of Marine Medical Society, 27(3), 281.
Roos, N., Kovats, S., Hajat, S., Filippi, V., Chersich, M., Luchters, S., Scorgie, F., Nakstad, B., & Stephansson, O. (2021). Maternal and Newborn Health Risks of Climate Change: A Call for Awareness and Global Action. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 100(4), 566–570.
Saputra, M. H. (2025). Status Hidrasi dengan Kelelahan pada Operator Alat Berat dan Dump Truck di PT. MC Kalimantan Tengah. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kesehatan Masyarakat, 10(1).
Sari, M. H. N., Pratamaningtyas, S., Susilowati, T., Chairiyah, R., Ivantarina, D., Marpaung, D. D. R., Susanti, N. Y., Hapsari, A., Putri, R., & Jannah, M. (2022). Penyakit dan Kelainan dari Kehamilan. Sumatera Barat: PT. Global Eksekutif Teknologi.
Suparji, S., Nugroho, H. S. W., Sunarto, S., Latif, A., & Prayogi, A. S. (2024). Impact, Implications, Challenges of Accelerating Maternal Mortality Rates in Indonesia. Health Dynamics, 1(3), 104–107.
Suryani, I. S., Setiawati, Y., Patmahwati, P., Ariani, D., Yusnidar, Y., Winarningsih, R. A., Pradhita, K. A., Asmawati, A., & Mayanti, A. (2023). Asuhan Kebidanan Kehamilan. Bandung: Penerbit Widina.
Syama, K. P., Blais, E., & Kumarathasan, P. (2025). Maternal Mechanisms in Air Pollution Exposure-Related Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: A Systematic Review. Science of The Total Environment, 970, 178999.
Syed, S., O’sullivan, T. L., & Phillips, K. P. (2022). Extreme Heat And Pregnancy Outcomes: A Scoping Review Of The Epidemiological Evidence. International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health, 19(4), 2412.
Wiemers, P., Graf, I., Addo, M. M., Arck, P. C., & Diemert, A. (2025, Desember). Mothers and Mosquitoes: Climate Change Contributes to the Spread of Vector-Borne Pathogens Posing a Substantial Threat to Pregnant Women. Seminars in Immunopathology, 47(1), 25.
Yüzen, D., Graf, I., Diemert, A., & Arck, P. C. (2023). Climate Change and Pregnancy Complications: From Hormones to the Immune Response. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 14.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Holistik Jurnal Kesehatan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
