Hubungan tingkat pengetahuan pasien dengan kejadian diabetes melitus tipe II
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v19i9.1503
Diabetes Melitus Tipe II Edukasi Kesehatan Kejadian Diabetes Pengetahuan Pasien
Abstract
Background: Type II diabetes mellitus is a global health problem with a steadily increasing incidence, particularly in developing countries. Low patient knowledge contributes to poor disease prevention and management.
Purpose: To analyze the relationship between patient knowledge levels and the incidence of type II diabetes mellitus.
Method: This study used a descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach, conducted at North Aceh Hospital from February to May 2025. The sample consisted of 93 respondents selected through simple random sampling from a population of 1,296. Knowledge was measured using the DKQ-24 instrument, while diabetes status was determined by blood glucose levels. The correlation analysis was performed using the chi-square test.
Results: The majority of respondents were female, aged 40–65, had secondary education, and worked as traders. Most respondents had low levels of knowledge, and most had diabetes. Statistical tests showed a significant association between knowledge level and the incidence of type II diabetes mellitus (p = 0.001; α = 0.01).
Conclusion: Patient knowledge is crucial in preventing and controlling type 2 diabetes mellitus. Targeted, simple, and socio-culturally appropriate health education interventions should be prioritized, particularly in high-risk groups, to promote healthy behaviors and reduce the incidence of diabetes.
Keywords: Diabetes Incidence; Health Education; Patient Knowledge; Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Pendahuluan: Diabetes melitus tipe II merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan global dengan angka kejadian yang terus meningkat, terutama di negara berkembang. Rendahnya tingkat pengetahuan pasien berkontribusi pada rendahnya pencegahan dan pengelolaan penyakit.
Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan pasien dengan kejadian diabetes melitus tipe II.
Metode: Penelitian menggunakan desain deskriptif dengan pendekatan potong lintang, dilaksanakan di Rumah Sakit Aceh Utara pada periode Februari-Mei 2025. Sampel terdiri dari 93 responden yang dipilih melalui teknik simple random sampling dari 1.296 populasi. Variabel pengetahuan diukur dengan instrumen DKQ-24, sedangkan status diabetes diperoleh melalui pemeriksaan kadar glukosa darah. Analisis hubungan dilakukan menggunakan uji chi-square.
Hasil: Mayoritas responden berusia 40–65 tahun, berjenis kelamin perempuan, berpendidikan menengah, dan berprofesi sebagai pedagang. Tingkat pengetahuan sebagian besar responden berada pada kategori rendah, dan sebagian besar mengalami diabetes. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan terdapat hubungan bermakna antara tingkat pengetahuan dengan kejadian diabetes melitus tipe II (p = 0.001; α = 0.01).
Simpulan: Pengetahuan pasien berperan penting dalam pencegahan dan pengendalian diabetes melitus tipe II. Intervensi edukasi kesehatan yang terarah, sederhana, dan sesuai dengan latar belakang sosial serta budaya pasien perlu diprioritaskan, khususnya pada kelompok berisiko tinggi, untuk meningkatkan perilaku sehat dan menekan angka kejadian diabetes.
Kata Kunci: Diabetes Melitus Tipe II; Edukasi Kesehatan; Kejadian Diabetes; Pengetahuan Pasien.
Downloads
References
Bukhsh, A., Lee, S. W. H., Pusparajah, P., Khan, A. H., & Khan, T. M. (2017). Psychometric Properties of the Urdu Version of Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire. Frontiers in Public Health, 5.
Cahyaningsih, I., Rokhman, M. R., Maziyyah, N., Niamuzisilawati, E., Taxis, K., & Denig, P. (2024). Translation and Validation of the Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire in Indonesian Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care, 50(6), 484–496.
Chen, S., Qian, D., & Burström, B. (2021). Two-Year Impact of an Educational Intervention in Primary Care on Blood Glucose Control and Diabetes Knowledge among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a Study in Rural China. Global Health Action, 14(1).
Ciarambino, T., Crispino, P., Leto, G., Mastrolorenzo, E., Para, O., & Giordano, M. (2022). Influence of Gender in Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(16), 8850.
Daboer, J., Ismaila, E., Ibrahim, Z., Gomwalk, J., & Adoga, E. (2021). Prevalence of Noncommunicable Disease Risk Factors among Market Traders in Jos North Local Government Area, Plateau State Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 24(4), 476–482.
Diontama, M. A., Larasati, T., Jausal, A. N., & Lisiswanti, R. (2025). Effect of Disease Acceptance on Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Systematic Review. Journal Medical Informatics Technology, 22–35.
Eshete, A., Mohammed, S., Deresse, T., Kifleyohans, T., & Assefa, Y. (2023). Association of Stress Management Behavior and Diabetic Self-Care Practice among Diabetes Type II Patients in North Shoa Zone: a Cross-Sectional Study. BMC Health Services Research, 23(1), 767.
Galicia-Garcia, U., Benito-Vicente, A., Jebari, S., Larrea-Sebal, A., Siddiqi, H., Uribe, K. B., Ostolaza, H., & Martín, C. (2020). Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(17), 6275.
Gedala, A., Madan, S., & Venkatesh, A. (2024). 588-P: Knowledge and Attitudes about Diabetes in San Antonio Based on Educational Attainment. Diabetes, 73(Supplement_1).
Ismail, L., Materwala, H., & Al Kaabi, J. (2021). Association of Risk Factors with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review. Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal, 19, 1759–1785.
Iwelomen, O., Toniolo, J., Preux, P.-M., & Beloni, P. (2024). Therapeutic Patient Education Programs on Diabetes in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review. PLOS ONE, 19(6), e0299526.
Kautzky-Willer, A., Harreiter, J., & Pacini, G. (2016). Sex and Gender Differences in Risk, Pathophysiology and Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Endocrine Reviews, 37(3), 278–316.
Kautzky-Willer, A., Leutner, M., & Harreiter, J. (2023). Sex Differences in Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetologia, 66(6), 986–1002.
Khan, M. A. B., Hashim, M. J., King, J. K., Govender, R. D., Mustafa, H., & Al Kaabi, J. (2019). Epidemiology of Type 2 Diabetes – Global Burden of Disease and Forecasted Trends. Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health, 10(1), 107.
Krisnansari, D., Wulansari, R., & Husnannisa, F. (2024). Correlation Between Self-Motivation and Family Support on Stress Levels and Self-Acceptance of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patient. Review of Primary Care Practice and Education (Kajian Praktik Dan Pendidikan Layanan Primer), 7(1), 11.
Menino, E., Mariados, A., & Clarisse, M. (2017). Validation of Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire (DKQ) in the Portuguese Population. Diabetes Obes Int J, 2(1), 1-8.
Pandit, A., Sapkota, B., Poudel, N., Karki, R., Poudel, B., & Lamichhane, R. (2025). Evaluation of Knowledge and Awareness of Diabetes in Higher Secondary Level Students of Kaski District: A Cross-Sectional Study. PLOS ONE, 20(2), e0313755.
Rachdaoui, N. (2020). Insulin: The Friend and the Foe in the Development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(5), 1770.
Ramírez-Morros, A., Berenguera, A., Millaruelo, L., Buil-Cosiales, P., Gomez Garcia, C., Cos, X., Ávila Lachica, L., Artola, S., Millaruelo, J. M., Mauricio, D., & Franch-Nadal, J. (2024). Impact of Gender on Patient Experiences of Self-Management in Type 2 Diabetes: A Qualitative Study. Patient Preference and Adherence, Volume 18, 1885–1896.
Saeedi, P., Petersohn, I., Salpea, P., Malanda, B., Karuranga, S., Unwin, N., Colagiuri, S., Guariguata, L., Motala, A. A., Ogurtsova, K., Shaw, J. E., Bright, D., & Williams, R. (2019). Global and Regional Diabetes Prevalence Estimates for 2019 and Projections for 2030 and 2045: Results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th Edition. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 157, 107843.
Sun, H., Saeedi, P., Karuranga, S., Pinkepank, M., Ogurtsova, K., Duncan, B. B., Stein, C., Basit, A., Chan, J. C. N., Mbanya, J. C., Pavkov, M. E., Ramachandaran, A., Wild, S. H., James, S., Herman, W. H., Zhang, P., Bommer, C., Kuo, S., Boyko, E. J., & Magliano, D. J. (2022). IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global, Regional and Country-Level Diabetes Prevalence Estimates for 2021 and Projections for 2045. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 183, 109119.
Syed, F. Z. (2022). Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Annals of Internal Medicine, 175(3), ITC33–ITC48.
Vasiljević, J., Torkko, J. M., Knoch, K. P., & Solimena, M. (2020). The Making of Insulin in Health and Disease. Diabetologia, 63(10), 1981–1989.
Zhou, B., Lu, Y., Hajifathalian, K., Bentham, J., Cesare, M., Danaei, G., Bixby, H., Cowan, M., Ali, M., Taddei, C., Lo, W., Reis-Santos, B., Stevens, G., Riley, L., Miranda, J., Bjerregaard, P., Rivera, J., Fouad, H., Mbanya, J., & Cisneros, J. (2016). Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: a pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4•4 million participants. Lancet (London, England), 387, 1513–1530.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Holistik Jurnal Kesehatan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
