Intervensi keluarga untuk menurunkan caregiver burden pada keluarga yang merawat penyintas stroke: Sebuah tinjauan sistematis
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v19i9.1452
Caregiver Burden Intervensi Keluarga Penyintas Stroke
Abstract
Background: Stroke often causes physical impairments and risk of disability, making patients highly dependent on caregivers for physical and emotional support. The complex caregiving role frequently leads to physical, psychological, and social pressures, known as caregiver burden, which negatively impacts caregiver well-being and patient care.
Purpose: To identify interventions provided to stroke caregivers to reduce caregiver burden.
Method: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in English between 2014 and 2024 with full-text availability. Pilot and feasibility studies were excluded. Literature searches were performed through Science Direct, Medline (via EBSCOhost), Sage Journals, Taylor & Francis, and Scopus.
Results: Eleven studies with a total of 1,229 stroke caregivers were included. Identified interventions comprised psychoeducation, counseling, coaching, education, and training, all designed to alleviate caregiver burden.
Conclusion: Family-based interventions are effective in reducing caregiver burden. Their implementation can be initiated during the acute phase in the hospital and continued through follow-up approaches such as telenursing after discharge. This review emphasizes the potential of family-based interventions as a comprehensive and sustainable strategy to support stroke caregivers.
Keywords: Caregiver Burden; Family Intervention; Stroke Survivors.
Pendahuluan: Stroke sering menimbulkan gangguan fisik dan risiko kecacatan sehingga pasien mengalami sangat bergantung pada caregiver dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan fisik dan emosional. Peran yang kompleks kerap menimbulkan tekanan fisik, psikologis, dan sosial, yang dikenal sebagai caregiver burden. Hal ini akan berdampak pada kesejahteraan caregiver dan kualitas perawatan pasien.
Tujuan: Untuk mengidentifikasi intervensi keluarga untuk menurunkan caregiver burden pada keluarga yang merawat penyintas stroke.
Metode: Tinjauan literatur sistematis dilakukan sesuai panduan PRISMA terhadap artikel Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) berbahasa Inggris, terbit antara tahun 2014-2024, dan tersedia teks lengkap. Artikel pilot atau feasibility study dikecualikan. Penelusuran menggunakan database Science Direct, Medline (via EBSCOhost), Sage Journals, Taylor & Francis, dan Scopus.
Hasil: Sebanyak 11 penelitian dengan 1,229 partisipan (caregiver pasien stroke) diikutkan. Berbagai intervensi keluarga teridentifikasi, antara lain psikoedukasi, konseling, coaching, edukasi, dan pelatihan, yang bertujuan menurunkan beban caregiver.
Simpulan: Intervensi keluarga terbukti efektif menurunkan beban caregiver. Pelaksanaannya dapat dimulai sejak fase akut di rumah sakit dan dilanjutkan dengan follow-up seperti telenursing setelah pasien pulang. Tinjauan ini menegaskan bahwa pendekatan intervensi keluarga berpotensi menjadi strategi komprehensif dalam mendukung caregiver penyintas stroke secara berkelanjutan.
Kata Kunci: Caregiver Burden; Intervensi Keluarga; Penyintas Stroke.
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