Kebiasaan dan pola makan sebagai faktor penentu kesehatan mental remaja: Sebuah tinjauan sistematis
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v19i8.1413
Kebiasaan Makan Kesehatan Mental Remaja
Abstract
Background: Mental health is an essential aspect of overall well-being, especially during adolescence when individuals experience rapid physical, emotional, and social development. Adolescents are particularly vulnerable to mental health problems such as anxiety and depression. It is increasingly acknowledged that dietary habits significantly influence mental health outcomes among youth. Therefore, this study aims to explore how diet and eating habits affect the mental health of adolescents.
Purpose: To examine and synthesize research findings that investigate the correlation between adolescents’ dietary patterns and mental health disorders, particularly anxiety and depression.
Method: A systematic review using a descriptive analytical approach. The selection of articles followed inclusion and exclusion criteria in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Eleven quantitative studies published between 2015 and 2025 were reviewed. The analysis focused on identifying common patterns linking eating behaviors and mental health outcomes among adolescents.
Results: Unhealthy dietary practices, such as excessive consumption of sugar and saturated fats, were consistently associated with higher levels of anxiety. Conversely, adolescents with higher intake of fiber-rich foods, especially fruits and vegetables, showed lower risks of depression. In addition, several studies emphasized the positive impact of micronutrients including vitamin D, B vitamins, and omega-3 fatty acids in maintaining and improving adolescents’ mental health status.
Conclusion: There is a strong relationship between dietary habits and adolescent mental health. Promoting healthy eating behaviors and supportive food environments may help reduce the risk of anxiety and depression among youth. To gain a better understanding of the long-term effects, further longitudinal studies are recommended to examine the connection between diet and mental health across adolescence and into adulthood.
Keywords: Adolescents; Eating Habits; Mental Health.
Pendahuluan: Kesehatan mental merupakan aspek penting dari kesejahteraan secara keseluruhan, terutama pada masa remaja ketika individu mengalami perkembangan fisik, emosional, dan sosial yang pesat. Remaja tergolong rentan terhadap berbagai gangguan kesehatan mental seperti kecemasan dan depresi. Saat ini, semakin diakui bahwa kebiasaan makan memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kondisi kesehatan mental di kalangan remaja. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi bagaimana pola makan dan kebiasaan makan dapat memengaruhi kesehatan mental remaja.
Tujuan: Untuk menelaah dan mensintesis hasil penelitian yang mengkaji korelasi antara pola makan remaja dan gangguan kesehatan mental, khususnya kecemasan dan depresi.
Metode: Penelitian desain systematic review dengan pendekatan deskriptif analitis. Pemilihan artikel dilakukan berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yang telah ditetapkan, mengacu pada pedoman Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Sebanyak sebelas penelitian kuantitatif yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2015 hingga 2025 ditinjau. Analisis difokuskan pada pengidentifikasian pola umum yang menghubungkan perilaku makan dengan hasil kesehatan mental pada remaja.
Hasil: Pola makan yang tidak sehat, seperti tingginya konsumsi gula dan lemak jenuh, secara konsisten dikaitkan dengan peningkatan tingkat kecemasan. Sebaliknya, asupan tinggi serat, terutama dari buah dan sayuran, berhubungan dengan risiko depresi yang lebih rendah. Selain itu, beberapa penelitian menyoroti manfaat mikronutrien seperti vitamin D, vitamin B kompleks, dan asam lemak omega-3 dalam menjaga dan meningkatkan kesehatan mental remaja.
Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang kuat antara kebiasaan makan dan kesehatan mental remaja. Upaya untuk mempromosikan pola makan sehat serta menciptakan lingkungan makan yang mendukung dapat membantu mengurangi risiko kecemasan dan depresi pada remaja. Untuk memperoleh pemahaman yang lebih mendalam mengenai efek jangka panjang, penelitian longitudinal lebih lanjut diperlukan guna menelusuri hubungan antara pola makan dan kesehatan mental dari masa remaja hingga dewasa.
Kata Kunci: Kebiasaan Makan; Kesehatan Mental; Remaja.
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