Hubungan muniru (api-apian) dengan tingkat keparahan pasien tuberkulosis paru
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v19i8.1389
Api-Apian Kebiasaan Muniru Tingkat Keparahan Tuberkulosis Paru
Abstract
Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) remains a public health problem in Indonesia, particularly in areas with specific cultural practices that can worsen patient conditions. One common cultural practice in highland areas such as Bener Meriah Regency is Muniru (burning fire), which involves burning wood indoors to warm the body, resulting in continuous exposure to household smoke. This practice is thought to contribute to the severity of TB in patients.
Purpose: To determine the relationship between the habit of muniru (burning fire) and the severity of pulmonary TB in patients.
Method: This study used a mixed methods approach combining quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data were obtained from 96 patients with smear-positive pulmonary TB selected through purposive sampling and analyzed using chi-square tests and logistic regression. Qualitative data were collected through in-depth interviews with three patients and three healthcare workers.
Results: The habit of muniru was significantly associated with TB severity (p=0.000; OR=1.40) and was the most dominant factor in the multivariate model. Respondents who frequently experienced muniru were more likely to develop severe TB. Meanwhile, education level also had a significant influence; Low education increases the risk of TB severity.
Conclusion: Exposure to smoke from muniru significantly increases the severity of pulmonary tuberculosis. Culturally based educational interventions and improvements to the household environment are needed as preventative strategies.
Keywords: Fire; Muniru Habits; Severity; Pulmonary Tuberculosis.
Pendahuluan: Tuberkulosis (TB) paru masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia, terutama di daerah dengan kebiasaan budaya tertentu yang dapat memperburuk kondisi pasien. Salah satu praktik budaya yang masih umum dilakukan di dataran tinggi seperti Kabupaten Bener Meriah adalah Muniru (api-apian), yaitu kegiatan membakar kayu di dalam ruangan untuk menghangatkan tubuh, sehingga menghasilkan paparan asap rumah tangga secara terus-menerus. Kebiasaan ini diduga berkontribusi terhadap tingkat keparahan TB pada penderita.
Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kebiasaan muniru (api-apian) dengan tingkat keparahan pasien tuberkulosis paru.
Metode: Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan mix method yang menggabungkan data kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Data kuantitatif diperoleh dari 96 pasien TB paru BTA (+) yang dipilih secara purposive sampling dan dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square dan regresi logistik. Sementara itu, data kualitatif dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam terhadap 3 pasien dan 3 tenaga kesehatan.
Hasil: Kebiasaan muniru memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan keparahan TB (p=0.000; OR=1.40), dan menjadi faktor paling dominan dalam model multivariat. Responden yang sering muniru cenderung mengalami TB berat. Sementara itu, tingkat pendidikan juga memiliki pengaruh signifikan, pendidikan rendah meningkatkan risiko keparahan TB.
Simpulan: Paparan asap dari kebiasaan muniru secara signifikan meningkatkan tingkat keparahan tuberkulosis paru. Diperlukan intervensi edukatif berbasis budaya lokal dan perbaikan lingkungan rumah tangga sebagai strategi pencegahan.
Kata Kunci: Api-Apian; Kebiasaan Muniru; Tingkat Keparahan; Tuberkulosis Paru.
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