Prediksi dukungan sosial terhadap kesepian pada lansia
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v19i8.1332
Dukungan Sosial Kesepian Lansia
Abstract
Background: Over time, older adults experience both physical and psychological changes, making them vulnerable to loneliness. Adequate social support, whether from friends, family, or significant others, is a key strategy for overcoming loneliness.
Purpose: To analyze the role of social support in reducing loneliness in older adults.
Method: This observational, analytical study employed a cross-sectional approach. A sample size of 74 respondents at the Husnul Khatimah Elderly Home in Malang, selected using purposive sampling, was selected. Data were collected using the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) questionnaire to measure social support and the UCLA Loneliness Scale version 3 questionnaire to measure loneliness. Data were analyzed using the Spearman Rank correlation test using SPSS version 27 software.
Results: A total of 36 respondents (48.6%) reported moderate levels of social support, and the majority also reported moderate levels of loneliness (45.9%). The Spearman Rank correlation test yielded a p-value of 0.001 (<0.05).
Conclusion: There is a negative relationship between social support and loneliness levels in the elderly.
Keywords: Elderly; Loneliness; Social Support.
Pendahuluan: Seiring berjalannya waktu, lansia akan mengalami perubahan baik dari segi fisik maupun psikologis sehingga dapat menjadikan lansia rentan mengalami kesepian. Dukungan sosial yang memadai, baik dari teman, keluarga atau orang penting lainnya menjadi strategi utama dalam mengatasi kesepian.
Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis prediksi dukungan sosial terhadap kesepian pada lansia.
Metode: Penelitian observasional analitik menggunakan pendekatan cross-sectional dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 74 responden di Panti Griya Lansia Husnul Khatimah, Malang, dipilih menggunakan purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) untuk mengukur tingkat dukungan sosial dan kuesioner UCLA Loneliness Scale version 3 untuk mengukur tingkat kesepian. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman Rank dengan bantuan perangkat lunak SPSS versi 27.
Hasil: Sebanyak 36 responden (48.6%) memiliki dukungan sosial dalam kategori sedang dan mayoritas responden juga memiliki tingkat kesepian dalam kategori sedang 45.9 (45.9%). Berdasarkan hasil uji korelasi Spearman Rank didapatkan nilai p 0.001 (<0.05).
Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan negatif antara dukungan sosial dengan tingkat kesepian pada lansia.
Kata Kunci: Dukungan Sosial; Kesepian; Lansia.
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