Analisis studi empiris tentang efektivitas mindfulness-based stress reduction untuk burnout perawat di rumah sakit: Kajian literatur
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v19i7.1248
Burnout Efektivitas Intervensi Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Perawat
Abstract
Background: Burnout is a common problem experienced by hospital nurses due to high work pressure, characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and decreased personal accomplishment. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is an approach proven effective in addressing work burnout.
Purpose: To determine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction on nurse burnout.
Method: A literature review of 13 studies meeting all inclusion criteria and 791 studies were excluded from scientific articles published between 2020 and 2025, evaluating the effectiveness of MBSR in hospital nurses. The literature search was conducted through PubMed, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, and CINAHL, following PRISMA guidelines with search keywords tailored to Medical Subject Headings (MeSH): ("Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction" OR "MBSR" OR "Mindfulness Intervention") AND ("Burnout" OR "Job Stress" OR "Occupational Stress") AND ("Nurse" OR "Nurses") AND ("Hospital").
Results: MBSR was consistently effective in reducing stress and burnout, as well as improving nurses' job satisfaction and quality of life. These findings suggest that MBSR is suitable for integration into nurse training as a strategy to improve psychological well-being.
Conclusion: The MBSR intervention effectively reduced burnout in hospital nurses by reducing stress, anxiety, and emotional exhaustion, while improving quality of life, job satisfaction, and self-compassion. MBSR offers the advantage of flexible training, including the use of digital applications and simple methods suitable for dynamic work environments.
Keywords: Burnout; Effectiveness; Intervention; Mindfulness-Based Stress Reductio; Nurses.
Pendahuluan: Burnout merupakan masalah umum yang dialami oleh perawat di rumah sakit akibat tekanan kerja yang tinggi, ditandai dengan kelelahan emosional, depersonalisasi, dan penurunan pencapaian pribadi. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) merupakan salah satu pendekatan yang terbukti efektif dalam mengatasi kelelahan kerja.
Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui efektivitas mindfulness-based stress reduction terhadap burnout perawat.
Metode: Tinjauan literatur terhadap 13 studi yang memenuhi semua kriteria inklusi dan 791 studi dikeluarkan dari artikel ilmiah yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2020–2025, yang mengevaluasi efektivitas MBSR pada perawat rumah sakit. Pencarian literatur dilakukan melalui PubMed, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, dan CINAHL, mengikuti pedoman PRISMA dengan kata kunci pencarian yang disesuaikan dengan Judul Subjek Medis (MeSH) yakni ("Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction" OR "MBSR" OR "Mindfulness Intervention") AND ("Burnout" OR "Job Stress" OR "Occupational Stress") AND ("Nurse" OR "Nurses") AND ("Hospital").
Hasil: MBSR secara konsisten efektif dalam menurunkan stres atau burnout, serta meningkatkan kepuasan kerja dan kualitas hidup perawat. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa MBSR layak diintegrasikan dalam pelatihan perawat sebagai strategi untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan psikologis.
Simpulan: Intervensi MBSR efektif menurunkan burnout pada perawat rumah sakit dengan mengurangi stres, kecemasan, dan kelelahan emosional serta meningkatkan kualitas hidup, kepuasan kerja, dan self-compassion. MBSR memiliki keunggulan berupa fleksibilitas pelatihan, termasuk penggunaan aplikasi digital dan metode sederhana yang sesuai dengan lingkungan kerja yang dinamis.
Kata Kunci: Burnout; Efektivitas; Intervensi; Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction; Perawat.
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