Pengaruh anemia terhadap tekanan darah pada pasien hemodialysis
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v19i7.1112
Anemia Gagal Ginjal Kronik Hemodialisis Hemoglobin Tekanan Darah
Abstract
Background: Anemia is a common complication in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially those undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Blood pressure instability often accompanies anemia in CKD patients.
Purpose: To examine the effect of anemia on blood pressure in CKD patients undergoing HD.
Method: Quantitative with cross-sectional design and observational approach. A total of 184 respondents were selected using purposive sampling, with inclusion criteria of having undergone HD for more than six months. Hemoglobin levels and blood pressure data were collected from medical records over the past three months. Data analysis was performed using logistic regression with a significance level of α < 0.05.
Results: Showed that all respondents experienced anemia with varying severity: mild (6%), moderate (34.2%), and severe (59.8%). Most respondents were categorized as pre-hypertensive (91.3%), and no cases of hypertension were found. Statistical tests indicated a significant relationship between anemia severity and blood pressure (p-value = 0.001), with a negative correlation and a strong coefficient strength.
Conclusion: There is a significant effect of anemia on blood pressure in CKD patients undergoing HD.
Keywords: Anemia; Blood Pressure; Chronic Kidney Disease; Hemodialysis; Hemoglobin.
Pendahuluan: Anemia merupakan komplikasi umum yang sering terjadi pada pasien gagal ginjal kronik (GGK), terutama yang menjalani terapi hemodialisis (HD). Tekanan darah yang tidak stabil menjadi salah satu dampak yang sering menyertai kondisi anemia pada pasien GGK.
Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui pengaruh anemia terhadap tekanan darah pada pasien GGK yang menjalani HD.
Metode: Kuantitatif dengan desain cross-sectional dan pendekatan observasional. Sampel berjumlah 184 responden yang dipilih secara purposive, dengan kriteria menjalani HD selama lebih dari enam bulan. Data kadar hemoglobin dan tekanan darah diperoleh dari rekam medis selama tiga bulan terakhir. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji regresi logistik dengan tingkat signifikansi α < 0.05.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan seluruh responden mengalami anemia dengan tingkat keparahan bervariasi: ringan (6%), sedang (34.2%), dan berat (59.8%). Sebagian besar responden berada dalam kategori pre-hipertensi (91.3%), dan tidak ditemukan kasus hipertensi. Uji statistik menunjukkan adanya hubungan signifikan antara tingkat keparahan anemia dengan tekanan darah (p-value = 0.001), dengan arah hubungan negatif dan kekuatan koefisien yang tergolong kuat.
Simpulan: Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara anemia terhadap tekanan darah pada pasien GGK yang menjalani HD.
Kata Kunci : Anemia; Gagal Ginjal Kronik; Hemodialisis; Hemoglobin; Tekanan Darah.
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