Hubungan pengetahuan ibu tentang gizi, asupan energi, dan asupan protein dengan kejadian stunting pada balita
DOI: https://doi.org/10.56922/chi.v3i3.4148
Children Under Five Energy Intake Maternal Nutritional Knowledge Protein Intake Stunting
Abstract
Background: Stunting remains one of the major public health challenges among children under five in Indonesia, as it can negatively affect physical growth, cognitive development, academic performance, and future productivity. Stunting is influenced by various factors, including maternal nutritional knowledge and the adequacy of children's energy and protein intake. Mothers with adequate nutritional knowledge are generally better able to implement appropriate feeding practices to support optimal child growth and development.
Purpose: To determine the association between maternal nutritional knowledge, children's energy intake, and children's protein intake with stunting among children under five in the working area of UPTD Puskesmas Punggur, Central Lampung Regency, in 2026.
Method: This study employed an analytic observational design with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 72 mothers were selected from a population of 264 using proportionate random sampling. Maternal nutritional knowledge was assessed using a structured questionnaire, while children's energy and protein intake were assessed using a 24-hour dietary recall method. Stunting status was determined based on the height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) obtained from anthropometric measurements. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis and the Chi-Square test.
Results: The results showed that 47.2% of mothers had poor nutritional knowledge, 52.8% of children had inadequate energy intake, and 48.6% had inadequate protein intake. The prevalence of stunting, including the categories of stunted and severely stunted, was 41.7%. Bivariate analysis showed significant associations between maternal nutritional knowledge, energy intake, protein intake, and stunting among children under five (p<0.05).
Conclusion: There were significant associations between maternal nutritional knowledge, children's energy intake, and protein intake with stunting among children under five. Improving maternal nutritional knowledge and ensuring adequate energy and protein intake are important aspects of stunting prevention and the promotion of optimal growth among children under five.
Downloads
References
Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah Provinsi Lampung. (2025). Bappeda Provinsi Lampung umumkan pemenang penghargaan penilaian kinerja (PK) pemerintah kabupaten/kota dalam pelaksanaan aksi konvergensi penurunan stunting di Provinsi Lampung tahun 2025. https://bappeda.lampungprov.go.id/detail-post/bappeda-provinsi-lampung-umumkan-pemenang-penghargaan-penilaian-kinerja-pk-pemerintah-kabupaten-kota-dalam-pelaksanaan-aksi-konvergensi-penurunan-stunting-di-provinsi-lampung-tahun-2025
Inas, M. R., Widajanti, L., & Nugraheni, S. A. (2022). Hubungan asupan energi, zinc, protein pada ibu hamil dengan kejadian stunting pada balita 7–24 bulan di Indonesia: Literature review. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 21(5), 354–357. https://doi.org/10.14710/mkmi.21.5.354-357
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2022). Buku saku hasil Survei Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) 2022. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. https://www.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/repositori/id/eprint/4855/
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2023). Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) 2023. Badan Kebijakan Pembangunan Kesehatan, Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. https://layanandata.kemkes.go.id/katalog-data/ski/ketersediaan-data/ski-2023
Kholidah, N., Rahfiludin, M. Z., & Pangestuti., D. R. (2020). Hubungan pengetahuan dan sikap ibu tentang gizi, asupan protein dan seng anak, serta sanitasi rumah terhadap stunting anak sekolah dasar. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa, 10(2), 45–50.
Khoo, L. Y., & Azlan, A. (2026). A narrative review of food bar composition to address energy and protein deficits in stunted children. Food Production, Processing and Nutrition, 8, 18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43014-026-00366-z
Lestari, E., Siregar, A., Hidayat, A. K., & Yusuf, A. A. (2024). Stunting and its association with education and cognitive outcomes in adulthood: A longitudinal study in Indonesia. PLOS ONE, 19(5), e0295380. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0 295380
Maulidiana, A. R., & Sutjiati, E. (2021). Low intake of essential amino acids and other risk factors of stunting among under-five children in Malang City, East Java, Indonesia. Journal of Public Health Research, 10(2), 2161. https://doi.org/10.4081/jphr.2021.2161
Mulyani, A. T., Khairinisa, M. A., Khatib, A., & Chaerunisaa, A. Y. (2025). Understanding stunting: Impact, causes, and strategy to accelerate stunting reduction—A narrative review. Nutrients, 17(9), 1493. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17091493
Munthe, W. S., Atikah, R. A., & Candra, A. (2023). Hubungan tingkat pengetahuan dan upaya pencegahan ibu dengan kejadian stunting. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 22(5), 337–341. https://doi.org/10.14710/mkmi.22.5.337-341
Pramudhyta, I. (2025). Efektivitas program intervensi serentak terhadap percepatan penurunan stunting Kabupaten Lampung Tengah [Skripsi, Universitas Lampung]. Digital Library Universitas Lampung. https://digilib.unila.ac.id/90952/
Putri, N. P., Lestari, R. M., & Ningsih, F. (2022). Hubungan tingkat pengetahuan ibu tentang gizi terhadap kejadian stunting pada balita. Jurnal Surya Medika (JSM), 8(2), 218–221. https://doi.org/10.33084/jsm.v8i2.3889
Putri, S. Z., & Bachtiar, S. M. (2022). Hubungan asupan energi protein, status penyakit infeksi, dan pendidikan orang tua dengan kejadian stunting pada balita usia 25–60 bulan. Jurnal Mitrasehat, 12(1), 53–64. https://doi.org/10.51171/jms.v12i1.312
Setyarsih, L., Tjendera, M., & Subrata, M. P. (2022). Gambaran asupan energi dan protein pada balita stunting di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Aro. Scientia Journal, 11(1), 394–400.
Sideropoulos, V., Draper, A., Munoz-Chereau, B., Ang, L., & Dockrell, J. E. (2025). Childhood stunting and cognitive development: A meta-analysis. Journal of Global Health, 15, 04257. https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.15.04257
Soliman, A., De Sanctis, V., Alaaraj, N., Ahmed, S., Alyafei, F., & Hamed, N. (2021). Early and long-term consequences of nutritional stunting: From childhood to adulthood. Acta Bio Medica, 92(1), e2021168. https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v92i1.11 346
Tamir, T. T., Gezhegn, S. A., Dagnew, D. T., Mekonenne, A. T., Aweke, G. T., & Lakew, A. M. (2024). Prevalence of childhood stunting and determinants in low and lower-middle income African countries: Evidence from standard demographic and health survey. PLOS ONE, 19(4), e0302212. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0302212
UNICEF, WHO, & World Bank Group. (2023). Levels and trends in child malnutrition: Key findings of the 2023 edition of the Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates. UNICEF. https://www.unicef.org/reports/joint-child-malnutrition-estimates-2023
Vaivada, T., Akseer, N., Akseer, S., Somaskandan, A., Stefopulos, M., & Bhutta, Z. A. (2020). Stunting in childhood: An overview of global burden, trends, determinants, and drivers of decline. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 112(Suppl 2), 777S–791S. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqaa159
World Health Organization. (2020). Improving early childhood development: WHO guideline. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/97892400020986/
Xiong, T., Wu, Y., Hu, J., Xu, S., Li, Y., Kong, B., Zhang, Z., Chen, L., Tang, Y., Yao, P., Xiong, J., & Li, Y. (2023). Associations between high protein intake, linear growth, and stunting in children and adolescents: A cross-sectional study. Nutrients, 15(22), 4821.https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15224821.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 JOURNAL OF Community Health Issues
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
