Aktivitas fisik sebagai bagian pengelolaan glukosa darah pada lansia
DOI: https://doi.org/10.56922/chi.v3i2.2221
Aktivitas Fisik Kadar Gula Darah Puasa Lansia Pelayanan Kesehatan Primer
Abstract
Background: Population ageing is accompanied by growing burden of non-communicable diseases, including impaired glucose regulation among older adults. Physical activity may improve insulin sensitivity and skeletal muscle glucose uptake, yet community-based evidence remains limited in some settings.
Purpose: To association between physical activity and fasting blood glucose among older adults in a community setting.
Method: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted among 46 older adults attending an elderly community health post in Plembon Kidul, Gunung Kidul, selected using simple random sampling. Physical activity was assessed with the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) and classified into low, moderate, and high categories according to WHO criteria. Fasting blood glucose was measured using an Easy Touch device. The association was tested using Spearman’s rank correlation.
Results: Most participants reported moderate physical activity (47.8%) and had normal fasting blood glucose (53.0%). Spearman’s correlation analysis showed a significant association between physical activity and fasting blood glucose (p=0.003; r= -0.429), indicating a moderate negative correlation.
Conclusion: Higher physical activity was associated with lower fasting blood glucose in older adults. These findings support strengthening community-based, non-pharmacological approaches-particularly physical activity promotion within elderly health posts-to help maintain glucose control in later life.
Keywords: Fasting Blood Glucose; Older Adults; Physical Activity Level; Primary Health Care.
Pendahuluan: Peningkatan usia harapan hidup diikuti bertambahnya beban penyakit tidak menular pada lansia, termasuk gangguan regulasi glukosa. Aktivitas fisik berperan dalam meningkatkan sensitivitas insulin dan pemanfaatan glukosa oleh otot, namun bukti pada tingkat komunitas masih perlu diperkaya.
Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis hubungan aktivitas fisik dengan kadar gula darah puasa pada lansia di komunitas Gunung Kidul.
Metode: Studi kuantitatif dengan desain potong lintang dilakukan pada 46 lansia di Posyandu Lansia Dusun Plembon Kidul, Gunung Kidul, yang dipilih dengan simpel random sampling. Aktivitas fisik diukur menggunakan Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) dan diklasifikasikan ke dalam kategori rendah, sedang, dan tinggi sesuai kriteria WHO. Kadar gula darah puasa diukur menggunakan glukometer Easy Touch. Analisis hubungan menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman.
Hasil: Mayoritas responden memiliki aktivitas fisik sedang (47.8%) dan kadar gula darah puasa normal (53.0%). Uji Spearman menunjukkan hubungan negatif bermakna antara aktivitas fisik dan kadar gula darah puasa (p=0.003; r= -0.429), dengan kekuatan korelasi sedang.
Simpulan: Aktivitas yang lebih tinggi berasosiasi dengan kadar gula darah puasa yang lebih rendah pada lansia. Temuan ini mendukung penguatan program promotif-preventif berbasis aktivitas fisik di layanan komunitas, khususnya posyandu lansia, sebagai strategi non-farmakologis untuk membantu menjaga kontrol glukosa.
Kata Kunci: Aktivitas Fisik; Kadar Gula Darah Puasa; Lansia; Pelayanan Kesehatan Primer.
Downloads
References
Aune, D., Norat, T., Leitzmann, M., Tonstad, S., & Vatten, L. J. (2015). Physical activity and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis. European Journal of Epidemiology, 30(7), 529–542.
Aune, D., & Vatten, L. J. (2016). Diabetes mellitus and the risk of gallbladder disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications, 30(2), 368–373.
Bartke, A., Brannan, S., Hascup, E., Hascup, K., & Darcy, J. (2021). Energy Metabolism and Aging. The World Journal of Men’s Health, 39(2), 222.
Biensø, R. S., Olesen, J., Gliemann, L., Schmidt, J. F., Matzen, M. S., Wojtaszewski, J. F. P., Hellsten, Y., & Pilegaard, H. (2015). Effects of Exercise Training on Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Glucose Metabolism in Elderly Men. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, 70(7), 866–872.
Burtscher, J., Millet, G. P., & Burtscher, M. (2023). Pushing the limits of strength training. American journal of preventive medicine, 64(1), 145-146.
Castorino, K., & Tate, D. F. (2016). Physical Activity/Exercise and Diabetes: A Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care, 39(11), 2065–2079.
Cummings, N. E., & Lamming, D. W. (2017). Regulation of metabolic health and aging by nutrient-sensitive signaling pathways. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 455, 13–22.
De Paola, P. F., Paglialonga, A., Palumbo, P., Keshavjee, K., Dabbene, F., & Borri, A. (2023). The Long-Term Effects of Physical Activity on Blood Glucose Regulation: A Model to Unravel Diabetes Progression. IEEE Control Systems Letters, 7, 2916–2921.
Farida, I., Irawandi, D., Anik Rustini, S., & Liestyaningrum, W., S. (2020). Aplikasi senam lansia untuk mengontrol tekanan darah dan gula darah. CARADDE: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 3(1), 16–21.
Fletcher, G. F., Landolfo, C., Niebauer, J., Ozemek, C., Arena, R., & Lavie, C. J. (2018). Promoting Physical Activity and Exercise: JACC Health Promotion Series. In Journal of the American College of Cardiology (Vol. 72, Issue 14, pp. 1622–1639).
Hay, J., Wittmeier, K., MacIntosh, A., Wicklow, B., Duhamel, T., Sellers, E., Dean, H., Ready, E., Berard, L., Kriellaars, D., Shen, G. X., Gardiner, P., & McGavock, J. (2016). Physical activity intensity and type 2 diabetes risk in overweight youth: a randomized trial. International Journal of Obesity, 40(4), 607–614.
Honda, M. G., Melo, D. D. de, Silva, T. C. da, Batista, C. C., Gehren, A. D., Nascimento Júnior, J. R. A. do, & Oliveira, D. V. de. (2025). Relationship between physical activity level and life satisfaction in young and middle-aged adults and older adults. Journal of Physical Education, 36(1).
Hu, M., Li, B., Xia, J., Yin, C., & Yang, Y. (2024). Causal Relationship between Television Viewing Time, Cardiovascular Diseases, and Potential Mechanisms. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, 121(10).
Jiang, Q., Li, J. T., Sun, P., Wang, L. L., Sun, L. Z., & Pang, S. G. (2022). Effects of lifestyle interventions on glucose regulation and diabetes risk in adults with impaired glucose tolerance or prediabetes: a meta-analysis. Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism.
Kidd, T., Mold, F., Jones, C., Ream, E., Grosvenor, W., Sund-Levander, M., Tingström, P., & Carey, N. (2019). What are the most effective interventions to improve physical performance in pre-frail and frail adults? A systematic review of randomised control trials. BMC Geriatrics, 19(1), 184.
Macera, C. A., Cavanaugh, A., & Bellettiere, J. (2017). State of the Art Review. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, 11(1), 42–57.
McPhee, J. S., French, D. P., Jackson, D., Nazroo, J., Pendleton, N., & Degens, H. (2016). Physical activity in older age: perspectives for healthy ageing and frailty. Biogerontology, 17(3), 567–580.
Meir, J., Huang, L., Mahmood, S., Whiteson, H., Cohen, S., & Aronow, W. S. (2024). The vascular complications of diabetes: a review of their management, pathogenesis, and prevention. Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism, 19(1), 11–20.
Nathan, D. M., Bennett, P. H., Crandall, J. P., Edelstein, S. L., Goldberg, R. B., Kahn, S. E., Knowler, W. C., Mather, K. J., Mudaliar, S., Orchard, T. J., Temprosa, M., & White, N. H. (2019). Does diabetes prevention translate into reduced long-term vascular complications of diabetes? Diabetologia, 62(8), 1319–1328.
National Institutes of Health. (2021). 12. Older Adults: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2021. Diabetes Care, 44(Supplement_1), S168–S179. Diakses dari: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-S012
Permata, S. P. (2020). The 2 nd International Conference on Social Work Improving The Quality Of Life Of The Elderly Through Participation In The Activities Of Posyandu Lansia (Integrated Community Health Service OF ELDERLY). The 2nd International Conference on Social Work Faculty of Social and Political Sciences University of Muhammadiyah Jakarta, 125–132.
Piercy, K. L., Troiano, R. P., Ballard, R. M., Carlson, S. A., Fulton, J. E., Galuska, D. A., George, S. M., & Olson, R. D. (2018). The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. JAMA, 320(19), 2020.
Rietz, M., Lehr, A., Mino, E., Lang, A., Szczerba, E., Schiemann, T., Herder, C., Saatmann, N., Geidl, W., Barbaresko, J., Neuenschwander, M., & Schlesinger, S. (2022). Physical Activity and Risk of Major Diabetes-Related Complications in Individuals With Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Diabetes Care, 45(12), 3101–3111.
Roglic, G. (2016). WHO Global report on diabetes: A summary. International Journal of Noncommunicable Diseases, 1(1), 3.
Samir, P., Malireddi, R. K. S., & Kanneganti, T.-D. (2018). Food for Training—Western Diet and Inflammatory Memory. Cell Metabolism, 27(3), 481–482.
Sinclair, A., Saeedi, P., Kaundal, A., Karuranga, S., Malanda, B., & Williams, R. (2020). Diabetes and global ageing among 65–99-year-old adults: Findings from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th edition. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 162, 108078.
Thomas, E., Battaglia, G., Patti, A., Brusa, J., Leonardi, V., Palma, A., & Bellafiore, M. (2019). Physical activity programs for balance and fall prevention in elderly. Medicine, 98(27), e16218.
Zhang, Q., Guo, Y., Zhang, H., Xu, W., & Yin, L. (2025). Effects of aerobic, resistance, interval, and combined training on glucose metabolism in older adults: insights into type, dose, and mechanism. Frontiers in Physiology, 16.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 JOURNAL OF Community Health Issues
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
